Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, China.
Department of Quality Control, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 130021, Changchun, China.
J Hum Hypertens. 2020 May;34(5):346-354. doi: 10.1038/s41371-019-0224-9. Epub 2019 Aug 16.
Hypertension has become a major public health challenge, and previous studies have observed associations between hypertension and sodium, potassium, and sodium to potassium ratio. However, little is known about how the whole continuum of blood pressure (BP) is related to dietary intake of sodium and potassium. This study aims to examine quantile-specific associations of blood pressure with dietary intake of sodium and potassium. It is based on national-level, cross sectional data for US adults aged ≥18 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2014. A total of 11,095 eligible subjects were included in this study. Quantile regression (QR) models were used to investigate distributional effects in the dietary intake of sodium and potassium on blood pressure by adjusting the confounding factors. We observed some evidence indicating distributional effects of dietary intake of sodium and potassium on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). QR showed that the consumption of sodium was positively associated with SBP (P) and DBP (P) in males, and positively associated with DBP (P-P) alone in females. Intake of potassium was, however, negatively associated with SBP (P-P, P-P) in males, and also negatively associated with SBP (P-P) and DBP(P-P) in females. Sodium to potassium ratio was positively associated with SBP (P-P, P) and DBP (P-P) in males, and was positively associated with SBP(P-P, P) in females. QR models provided a more detailed view on associations of SBP and DBP with the dietary intake of sodium and potassium and uncovered the quantile-related patterns.
高血压已成为一个主要的公共卫生挑战，先前的研究观察到高血压与钠、钾和钠钾比之间存在关联。然而，人们对血压（BP）的整个连续体与钠和钾的饮食摄入量之间的关系知之甚少。本研究旨在检查血压与钠和钾的饮食摄入量之间的分位数特异性关联。它基于美国国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）2007-2014 年的全国性、横断面数据，涉及年龄≥18 岁的美国成年人。共有 11095 名符合条件的受试者纳入本研究。通过调整混杂因素，使用分位数回归（QR）模型来研究钠和钾的饮食摄入量对血压的分布效应。我们观察到一些证据表明，钠和钾的饮食摄入量对收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）有分布效应。QR 显示，男性钠的摄入量与 SBP（P）和 DBP（P）呈正相关，女性仅与 DBP（P-P）呈正相关。然而，钾的摄入量与男性的 SBP（P-P，P-P）呈负相关，与女性的 SBP（P-P）和 DBP（P-P）呈负相关。钠钾比与男性的 SBP（P-P，P）和 DBP（P-P）呈正相关，与女性的 SBP（P-P，P）呈正相关。QR 模型提供了更详细的 SBP 和 DBP 与钠和钾的饮食摄入量之间关联的视图，并揭示了与分位数相关的模式。
