National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
Nutrients. 2020 Jan 30;12(2):366. doi: 10.3390/nu12020366.
High dietary sodium and low potassium intake increase blood pressure and risk of hypertension, but whether the relationship between dietary sodium and potassium and risk of hypertension is different in North China and South China remains unclear. We used data from the longitudinal China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) and selected 6705 adults who participated in at least two waves in 2009, 2011, and 2015 and had no hypertension in baseline. We performed multiple linear regression analysis and multiple logistic regressions stratified by area for the present study design. Sodium and potassium intake were higher in North China (4343.4 and 1624.8 mg/day, respectively) than in South China (4107.8 and 1516.1 mg/d, respectively) ( < 0.05). Multiple linear regression revealed that a positive correlation of sodium intake (β = 0.026, < 0.05) and ratio of sodium to potassium (Na-K) intake (β = 0.041, < 0.01) with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was found in North China, and the association of sodium, potassium, and Na-K intake ratio with blood pressure was different in South China. Multiple logistic regressions documented a similar significant inverse association between dietary potassium intake and risk of hypertension in both North China and South China (risk ratio (RR): 0.63, 95%CI: 0.50-0.79; RR: 0.80, 95%CI: 0.66-0.98, respectively). The risk of hypertension increased in the fourth quartile of dietary sodium and Na-K intake ratio (RR: 1.20, 95%CI: 1.00-1.44; RR: 1.35, 95%CI: 1.13-1.62, respectively) in North China but no association was observed in South China. The current study indicates a different association of dietary sodium and Na-K intake ratio with systolic blood pressure (SBP), DBP, and risk of hypertension in North China and South China.
高钠低钾饮食会升高血压并增加高血压风险，但华北和华南地区饮食钠和钾与高血压风险之间的关系是否不同尚不清楚。本研究使用中国健康与营养调查（CHNS）的纵向数据，纳入了至少参加过 2009、2011 和 2015 年两次调查且基线时无高血压的 6705 名成年人。我们采用多线性回归分析和基于地区的多因素 logistic 回归进行分析。华北地区的钠和钾摄入量分别为 4343.4 和 1624.8 mg/天，高于华南地区（分别为 4107.8 和 1516.1 mg/d）（<0.05）。多线性回归分析显示，华北地区钠摄入量（β=0.026，<0.05）和钠钾比值（Na-K）（β=0.041，<0.01）与舒张压（DBP）呈正相关，而钠、钾和 Na-K 摄入量比值与血压的相关性在华南地区不同。多因素 logistic 回归显示，在华北和华南地区，饮食钾摄入量与高血压风险呈显著负相关（RR：0.63，95%CI：0.50-0.79；RR：0.80，95%CI：0.66-0.98）。饮食钠和 Na-K 摄入量比值在第四四分位数时，高血压风险在华北地区增加（RR：1.20，95%CI：1.00-1.44；RR：1.35，95%CI：1.13-1.62），但在华南地区未观察到相关性。本研究表明，饮食钠和 Na-K 摄入量比值与收缩压（SBP）、DBP 和高血压风险之间的关系在华北和华南地区不同。
