Radboud Group for Historical Demography and Family History, Department of History, Radboud University, Erasmusplein 1, 6525HT, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Demography. 2019 Oct;56(5):1827-1854. doi: 10.1007/s13524-019-00808-z.
Previous research on the impact of parental loss on labor market outcomes in adulthood has often suffered from low sample sizes. To generate further insights into the long-term consequences of parental death, I use the Historical Sample of the Netherlands (HSN). The HSN contains occupational information on life courses of a sample of more than 8,000 males and almost 7,000 females born between 1850 and 1922, a period of important labor market transformations. Roughly 20 % of the sample population experienced parental death before age 16. Linear regression models show that maternal loss is significantly associated with lower occupational position in adulthood for both men and women, which points to the crucial importance of maternal care in childhood for socioeconomic outcomes in later life. This interpretation is supported by the finding that a stepmother's entry into the family is positively related with sons' occupational position later in life. In contrast to expectations, the loss of economic resources related to the father's death is generally not associated with lower status attainment in adulthood for men or for women. The results indicate, however, that the negative consequences of paternal death on men's socioeconomic outcomes decreased over time, illustrating the complex interaction between individual life courses and surrounding labor market transformations.
先前关于父母丧失对成年后劳动力市场结果影响的研究，往往受到样本规模较小的限制。为了进一步深入了解父母去世的长期后果，我使用了荷兰历史样本（HSN）。HSN 包含了 1850 年至 1922 年间出生的 8000 多名男性和近 7000 名女性的职业信息，这是劳动力市场发生重要转型的时期。大约 20%的样本人口在 16 岁之前经历了父母的死亡。线性回归模型表明，母亲的丧失与男性和女性成年后的职业地位显著相关，这表明母爱的重要性在童年时期对以后的社会经济结果至关重要。这一解释得到了以下发现的支持：继母进入家庭与儿子以后的职业地位呈正相关。与预期相反，与父亲去世相关的经济资源的损失，一般不会导致男性或女性在成年后地位下降。然而，结果表明，父亲去世对男性的社会经济结果的负面影响随着时间的推移而减少，这说明了个体生活轨迹与周围劳动力市场转型之间的复杂相互作用。
