School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom.
MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
Am J Pathol. 2019 Nov;189(11):2119-2137. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.07.007. Epub 2019 Aug 14.
Prostate cancer (PC) is a leading cause of death in men. Inflammation is one of the initiating processes whereby cells are trafficked into the tumor microenvironment by specific cytokines termed chemokines. This recruitment is complex and involves diverse leukocyte subsets with procancer and anticancer functions. Chemokines promote/abrogate proliferation of cancerous cells, block/aid apoptosis, and are instrumental/detrimental in cancer cell migration required for metastasis. Chemokines guide the release/transport of immune cells that serve as chaperones at sites of inflammation, and after subsequent activation, they lead to an immune response. The variety of immune cells recruited at the site of tumor initiation possess unique functions, and the plethora of chemokines released by each cell derived from a progenitor cell activated under a defined set of conditions dictates its specific role in cancer progression/regression. Geographic consequences that govern the climate and endemic diseases, along with the associated evolutionary effects that at times protect populations from one disease, could lead to genetic variations that determine a role for ethnicity and race in PC risk and susceptibility. Dysregulated expression or an imbalance in the homeostatic mechanisms associated with chemokines is implicated in PC. This review discusses the role of inflammation and chemokines in PC.
前列腺癌（PC）是男性死亡的主要原因之一。炎症是细胞通过特定的细胞因子（称为趋化因子）被运送到肿瘤微环境的起始过程之一。这种募集过程非常复杂，涉及具有致癌和抗癌功能的多种白细胞亚群。趋化因子促进/阻止癌细胞的增殖，阻止/促进细胞凋亡，并在癌细胞迁移中发挥关键作用，而癌细胞迁移是转移所必需的。趋化因子引导释放/运输免疫细胞，这些细胞在炎症部位充当伴侣，随后在激活后，它们会引发免疫反应。在肿瘤起始部位募集的各种免疫细胞具有独特的功能，而每个细胞在特定条件下由祖细胞激活释放的大量趋化因子决定了其在癌症进展/消退中的特定作用。控制气候和地方病的地理后果，以及有时保护人群免受一种疾病的相关进化效应，可能导致决定种族和民族在 PC 风险和易感性中作用的遗传变异。趋化因子相关的失调表达或平衡失调与 PC 有关。这篇综述讨论了炎症和趋化因子在 PC 中的作用。
