Department of Allergy, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Beijing 100073, China.
Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Beijing 100073, China.
Chin Med J (Engl). 2019 Sep 20;132(18):2237-2241. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000387.
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) involves inflammation of the nasal and para-nasal mucosa. Due to its heterogeneous nature, unknown pathogenesis, and high recurrence rate, effective treatment is difficult. Nasal cytology is presently not a part of the routine diagnosis or treatment decision for CRS.
A literature search was performed for published papers in English between January 1990 and June 2019 using MEDLINE.
Terms used were chronic rhinosinusitis, eosinophils, etiology, immunopathology, inflammation, mast cells, nasal cytology, polyps, and treatment. Both reviews and original articles were collected and studied.
There is no standard nasal fluid, mucus sampling, or staining techniques for identifying inflammatory cell types. Results were divergent from different countries. Moreover, the main focus of these papers on the cells in nasal washings was eosinophils, with infrequent mentioning of other cell types that may imply different etiology and pathology. The heterogeneous cell profile of CRS and the role of mast cells have been unappreciated due to the lack of specific immunohistochemical technique or study of its unique mediators.
Nasal cytology could help distinguish the type and the activation state of inflammatory cells. Thus it can help in providing a clearer picture of CRS pathogenesis, identifying different patient groups, and developing effective treatments.
慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）涉及鼻黏膜和鼻旁黏膜的炎症。由于其具有异质性、发病机制不明和高复发率等特点，有效的治疗较为困难。目前，鼻细胞学检查并不是 CRS 常规诊断或治疗决策的一部分。
使用 MEDLINE 对 1990 年 1 月至 2019 年 6 月期间发表的英文文献进行了检索。
使用的术语为慢性鼻-鼻窦炎、嗜酸性粒细胞、病因、免疫病理学、炎症、肥大细胞、鼻细胞学、息肉和治疗。收集并研究了综述和原始文章。
目前尚没有用于识别炎症细胞类型的标准鼻液、黏液取样或染色技术。不同国家的结果存在差异。此外，这些关于鼻冲洗中细胞的论文主要集中在嗜酸性粒细胞上，很少提及可能意味着不同病因和病理的其他细胞类型。由于缺乏特异性免疫组化技术或对其独特介质的研究，CRS 的异质性细胞特征和肥大细胞的作用尚未得到重视。
鼻细胞学检查有助于区分炎症细胞的类型和激活状态。因此，它有助于提供更清晰的 CRS 发病机制图像，识别不同的患者群体，并开发有效的治疗方法。
