School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
SUCCESS Centre, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
PLoS One. 2019 Aug 19;14(8):e0221177. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221177. eCollection 2019.
Wetlands are one of the most critical resources in Inner Mongolia Plateau. However, the region has experienced severe wetland loss in the context of global change. To quantify the dynamic change and the related driving forces, we extracted wetland information using multi-temporal Landsat images between 1993 and 2013 using ArcGIS platform and man-machine interactive interpretation. Dynamically changing characteristics for the past 20 years were analyzed, including wetland types and spatial distribution patterns of the wetlands in Inner Mongolia. We also performed correlation analysis and generalized linear models to quantify the contribution of natural and human factors to the changes in natural wetland area. Our results indicated that the total area of wetlands was 42421.2 km2 in 1993, and decreased to 38912.4 km2 in 2013, a decline ratio of 8.3%. Meanwhile, all types of wetlands showed a trend of transformation into non-wetlands. Anthropogenic factors led to the loss of natural wetlands in Inner Mongolia. In grasslands, mining coal was the dominant driver for natural wetland loss, while in arable lands, agricultural encroachment and irrigation were the primary driving forces. These findings can provide meaningful information for improving sustainable wetlands management strategies according to local conditions in different sub-regions.
湿地是内蒙古高原最重要的资源之一。然而，在全球变化的背景下，该地区经历了严重的湿地丧失。为了量化动态变化及其相关驱动力，我们使用 ArcGIS 平台和人机交互解释，从 1993 年至 2013 年的多时相 Landsat 图像中提取湿地信息。分析了过去 20 年的动态变化特征，包括湿地类型和内蒙古湿地的空间分布格局。我们还进行了相关分析和广义线性模型，以量化自然和人为因素对天然湿地面积变化的贡献。结果表明，1993 年湿地总面积为 42421.2km2，到 2013 年减少到 38912.4km2，下降了 8.3%。同时，各种类型的湿地都呈现出转化为非湿地的趋势。人为因素导致内蒙古天然湿地的丧失。在草原地区，开采煤炭是导致天然湿地丧失的主要驱动因素，而在耕地地区，农业侵占和灌溉是主要的驱动因素。这些发现可以为根据不同子区域的具体情况制定可持续的湿地管理策略提供有意义的信息。
