Gao Zu-Qiao, Bai Yong-Ping, Zhou Liang, Qiao Fu-Wei, Song Long-Jun, Chen Xiao-Ning
College of Geographic and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2020 Oct;31(10):3499-3508. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202010.013.
Wetlands are one of the most productive ecosystems in the world, with functions of water purification, climate regulation, and carbon sinks. Due to the stresses caused by human social development and changes of natural conditions, wetlands have been seriously damaged. We examined the evolutionary law of landscape pattern of wetland along the Yellow River, and acquainted the current situation of wetland resources and dynamic change. Based on satellite images of year 2000, 2009, and 2018 from Landsat, we used landscape indices and geographic detectors to quantitatively analyze the characteristics and driving forces of wetland landscape pattern evolution of the city belt along the Yellow River in Ningxia from 2000 to 2018. The results showed that the wetland area of the city belt along the Yellow River in Ningxia enlarged first and then decreased from 2000 to 2018. The wetland area increased by 52.2 km in the early stage of the study with an increasing rate of 8.2%, and decreased by 26.8 km with a reduction rate of 3.9% in the later stage. The wetland was mainly transformed to construction land and unused land, with transfer out area being 166.7 and 158.4 km respectively. New wetland was mainly transformed from unused land, forest, and grassland, with an area of 543.1 km. The fragmentation degree of wetland landscape in city belt was increasing, the balanced distribution of all kinds of wetlands was gradually strengthened, the landscape diversity was increasing, and the dominant landscape types were gradually weakening. Natural factors and socio-economic factors jointly affected the evolution of wetland landscape pattern in city belt. Among all socio-economic factors population was the most important one. Among natural factors, precipitation and temperature were important. Other driving factors were relatively weak, but could not be ignored.
湿地是世界上生产力最高的生态系统之一，具有水净化、气候调节和碳汇功能。由于人类社会发展和自然条件变化造成的压力，湿地遭到了严重破坏。我们研究了黄河沿线湿地景观格局的演变规律，了解了湿地资源现状和动态变化。基于2000年、2009年和2018年Landsat卫星图像，我们运用景观指数和地理探测器对2000年至2018年宁夏沿黄城市带湿地景观格局演变的特征和驱动力进行了定量分析。结果表明，2000年至2018年宁夏沿黄城市带湿地面积先增大后减小。研究前期湿地面积增加了52.2平方千米，增长率为8.2%，后期减少了26.8平方千米，减少率为3.9%。湿地主要转化为建设用地和未利用地，转出面积分别为166.7平方千米和158.4平方千米。新增湿地主要由未利用地、林地和草地转化而来，面积为543.1平方千米。城市带湿地景观破碎化程度增加，各类湿地均衡分布逐渐增强，景观多样性增加，优势景观类型逐渐减弱。自然因素和社会经济因素共同影响城市带湿地景观格局的演变。在所有社会经济因素中，人口是最重要的因素。在自然因素中，降水和温度较为重要。其他驱动因素相对较弱，但也不容忽视。
