Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Galway, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Aug 18;16(16):2967. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16162967.
Adjustment disorder (AD) is a condition commonly encountered by clinicians in emergency departments and liaison psychiatry settings and has been frequently reported among patients presenting with suicidal behaviours. A number of previous studies have noted the strong association between suicidal ideation and behaviours, and AD. In this paper, we aimed to explore this relationship, by establishing the incidence of AD in patients who present with self-harm and suicidal ideation, and the rates of self-harm among patients with a diagnosis of AD. We conducted a review of the literature of well-established databases using specific key words then synthesised the results into a descriptive narrative as well as representing it in table form. Sample sizes and study methods varied significantly across the review. A majority of studies were retrospective chart-based reviews, and only three used structured diagnostic instruments. A high prevalence of AD (ranging from 9.8 to 100%) was found, with self-poisoning representing the most common form of suicide attempt in the majority of studies. Interpersonal difficulties were the main precipitant in studies which examined this. This study suggests there is a strong association between AD and suicidal behaviours. Given the paucity of research in the area, there is a need to build the evidence base for effective treatment strategies.
适应障碍（AD）是急诊室和联络精神病学环境中的临床医生经常遇到的一种情况，并且在出现自杀行为的患者中经常报告。许多先前的研究都注意到自杀意念和行为与 AD 之间的强烈关联。在本文中，我们旨在通过确定有自我伤害和自杀意念的患者中 AD 的发生率，以及 AD 诊断患者的自我伤害率，来探讨这种关系。我们使用特定的关键词对已建立的文献数据库进行了综述，然后将结果综合成描述性叙述，并以表格形式表示。综述中的样本量和研究方法差异很大。大多数研究是基于图表的回顾性研究，只有三项研究使用了结构化诊断工具。AD 的患病率很高（范围从 9.8 到 100%），在大多数研究中，自我中毒是最常见的自杀企图形式。在研究中，人际困难是主要的促成因素。本研究表明 AD 与自杀行为之间存在很强的关联。鉴于该领域研究的匮乏，需要为有效的治疗策略建立证据基础。
