Jensen Anne, Merz Simon, Spence Charles, Frings Christian
Department of Psychology, University of Trier, D-54286, Trier, Germany.
Crossmodal Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Psychology, Anna Watts Building, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2020 Jun;82(3):1391-1406. doi: 10.3758/s13414-019-01830-4.
When repeatedly exposed to simultaneously presented stimuli, associations between these stimuli are nearly always established, both within as well as between sensory modalities. Such associations guide our subsequent actions and may also play a role in multisensory selection. Thus, crossmodal associations (i.e., associations between stimuli from different modalities) learned in a multisensory interference task might affect subsequent information processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the processing level of multisensory stimuli in multisensory selection by means of crossmodal aftereffects. Either feature or response associations were induced in a multisensory flanker task while the amount of interference in a subsequent crossmodal flanker task was measured. The results of Experiment 1 revealed the existence of crossmodal interference after multisensory selection. Experiments 2 and 3 then went on to demonstrate the dependence of this effect on the perceptual associations between features themselves, rather than on the associations between feature and response. Establishing response associations did not lead to a subsequent crossmodal interference effect (Experiment 2), while stimulus feature associations without response associations (obtained by changing the response effectors) did (Experiment 3). Taken together, this pattern of results suggests that associations in multisensory selection, and the interference of (crossmodal) distractors, predominantly work at the perceptual, rather than at the response, level.
当反复暴露于同时呈现的刺激时，这些刺激之间的关联几乎总会在感觉模态内以及感觉模态之间建立起来。这种关联指导我们随后的行动，并且可能在多感觉选择中也发挥作用。因此，在多感觉干扰任务中习得的跨感觉关联（即来自不同感觉模态的刺激之间的关联）可能会影响随后的信息处理。本研究的目的是通过跨感觉后效来探究多感觉选择中多感觉刺激的处理水平。在一个多感觉侧翼任务中诱导特征关联或反应关联，同时测量随后的跨感觉侧翼任务中的干扰量。实验1的结果揭示了多感觉选择后存在跨感觉干扰。实验2和实验3接着证明了这种效应依赖于特征本身之间的知觉关联，而不是特征与反应之间的关联。建立反应关联并未导致随后的跨感觉干扰效应（实验2），而没有反应关联的刺激特征关联（通过改变反应效应器获得）则导致了跨感觉干扰效应（实验3）。综上所述，这种结果模式表明，多感觉选择中的关联以及（跨感觉）干扰物的干扰主要在知觉水平而非反应水平起作用。
