韩国食品标签政策评估：2014-2017 年社区健康调查分析。
Evaluation of Food Labeling Policy in Korea: Analyzing the Community Health Survey 2014-2017.
机构信息
Department of Health Policy and Management, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
出版信息
J Korean Med Sci. 2019 Aug 19;34(32):e211. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e211.
BACKGROUND
As Koreans adopt more Westernized diets, consumer demands for processed food products are growing. The Korean government implemented a food labeling system to help people reasonably choose processed foods. This study investigated the utilization of these food labels among Koreans, as well as demographic differences between users and non-users of food labels, ultimately presenting foundational data for strategies to enhance dietary lifestyles by facilitating the use of food labeling.
METHODS
Data from the 2014-2017 Community Health Survey were used. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was performed to investigate whether food labeling awareness and utilization increase over time; a data mining technique called decision tree analysis was then used to examine the effects of sociodemographic factors on the use of food labeling for each of the 4 years.
RESULTS
Food labeling awareness increased by 4.5% over 4 years; the Cochran-Armitage trend test showed that this increase was statistically significant (χ² = 1,068.21; < 0.001). Food labeling utilization increased significantly but marginally, by 0.3%, over 4 years (χ² = 20.154; < 0.001). Decision tree analysis showed that food labeling users comprised mainly women in their 30s-50s currently in graduate school or with a graduate degree; the non-user group comprised mainly divorced/widowed/separated people in their 70s who were elementary school grads or below.
CONCLUSION
Education level, which could be related to health literacy, substantially affected the use of food labeling. Education level is a typical socioeconomic index, and if people who are less educated tend not to use food labeling, it can lead to health inequity. Thus, food labeling should be reformed with consideration of health literacy among the less-educated social classes. From a health communication perspective, images and pictures can boost consumers' understanding, which should be considered to improve comprehensibility of food labeling.
背景
随着韩国人采用更多的西式饮食，消费者对加工食品的需求不断增长。韩国政府实施了食品标签系统，以帮助人们合理选择加工食品。本研究调查了韩国人对这些食品标签的使用情况，以及标签使用者和非使用者在人口统计学方面的差异，最终为通过促进食品标签的使用来改善饮食生活方式提供了基础数据。
方法
使用了 2014-2017 年社区健康调查的数据。采用 Cochran-Armitage 趋势检验来研究食品标签意识和使用是否随时间增加；然后使用数据挖掘技术决策树分析来检验社会人口因素对 4 年来食品标签使用的影响。
结果
食品标签意识在 4 年内增加了 4.5%；Cochran-Armitage 趋势检验表明，这种增加具有统计学意义（χ²=1,068.21；<0.001）。食品标签利用率在 4 年内显著但略有增加，增加了 0.3%（χ²=20.154；<0.001）。决策树分析表明，食品标签使用者主要是 30 多岁到 50 多岁、目前正在攻读研究生或拥有研究生学位的女性；非使用者主要是 70 多岁、离异/丧偶/分居、小学及以下学历的人。
结论
教育水平与健康素养密切相关，对食品标签的使用有很大影响。教育水平是一个典型的社会经济指标，如果受教育程度较低的人不使用食品标签，可能会导致健康不平等。因此，在考虑到社会中教育程度较低的阶层的健康素养的情况下，应该对食品标签进行改革。从健康传播的角度来看，图像可以提高消费者的理解能力，应该考虑改进食品标签的可读性。
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