Dissanaike A S
Bull World Health Organ. 1979;57(3):349-57.
This article gives an account of the filarial parasites found in man and their potential transmissibility to and from other vertebrate animals under natural and experimental conditions.Those species that are regarded as being primarily parasites of other vertebrates, but which also infect man, are then dealt with in greater detail. These include the subperiodic strain of Brugia malayi and perhaps also B. pahangi, both of which are found in wild and domestic carnivores and monkeys, and Dirofilaria species of dogs and racoons.The Brugia parasites develop to maturity with the production of microfilaraemia and clinical manifestations in man similar to those caused by periodic B. malayi in man. Human dirofilariasis, on the other hand, represents a transmission cul-de-sac for the parasite. Clinical manifestations are mild or absent and generally the worms do not mature and, even if they do, they rarely give rise to microfilaraemia. D. immitis causes pulmonary dirofilariasis, and D. repens and D. tenuis give rise to subcutaneous nodules in man. The diagnosis of dirofilariasis depends on an awareness of the infection in the animal reservoirs and of the possibility of man being exposed to bites of infected vectors.
本文介绍了在人类中发现的丝虫寄生虫，以及它们在自然和实验条件下在人类与其他脊椎动物之间的潜在传播情况。然后，对那些被认为主要是其他脊椎动物的寄生虫但也感染人类的物种进行了更详细的讨论。这些包括马来布鲁线虫的亚周期株，可能还有彭亨布鲁线虫，它们都存在于野生和家养食肉动物及猴子体内，以及犬恶丝虫属的犬和浣熊体内的丝虫。布鲁线虫寄生虫在人体内发育成熟，产生微丝蚴血症，并出现与人类中周期型马来布鲁线虫引起的类似临床表现。另一方面，人类恶丝虫病对该寄生虫来说是一个传播死角。临床表现轻微或无，一般情况下，这些蠕虫不会成熟，即使成熟，也很少引起微丝蚴血症。犬恶丝虫引起肺部恶丝虫病，匐行恶丝虫和欧氏恶丝虫在人体内引起皮下结节。恶丝虫病的诊断取决于对动物宿主感染情况的了解以及人类接触受感染媒介叮咬的可能性。
