Satjawongvanit Hathaithip, Phumee Atchara, Tiawsirisup Sonthaya, Sungpradit Sivapong, Brownell Narisa, Siriyasatien Padet, Preativatanyou Kanok
Medical Science Program, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
Vector Biology and Vector Borne Disease Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
Pathogens. 2019 Jul 29;8(3):114. doi: 10.3390/pathogens8030114.
Canine filariasis is caused by several nematode species, such as , , , , and . Zoonotic filariasis is one of the world's neglected tropical diseases. Since 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) has promoted a global filarial eradication program to eliminate filariasis by 2020. Apart from vector control strategies, the infection control of reservoir hosts is necessary for more effective filariasis control. In addition, many studies have reported that is necessary for the development, reproduction, and survival of the filarial nematode. Consequently, the use of antibiotics to kill in nematodes has now become an alternative strategy to control filariasis. Previously, a case of subconjunctival dirofilariasis caused by spp. has been reported in a woman who resides in the center of Bangkok, Thailand. Therefore, our study aimed to principally demonstrate the presence of filarial nematodes and bacteria in blood collected from domestic dogs from the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand. A total of 57 blood samples from dogs with suspected dirofilariasis who had visited veterinary clinics in Bangkok were collected. The investigations for the presence of microfilaria were carried out by using both microscopic and molecular examinations. PCR was used as the molecular detection method for the filarial nematodes based on the and regions. The demonstration of was performed using PCR to amplify the gene. All positive samples by PCR were then cloned and sequenced. The results showed that the filarial nematodes were detected in 16 samples (28.07%) using microscopic examinations. The molecular detection of filarial species using -PCR revealed that 50 samples (87.72%) were positive; these consisted of 33 (57.89%), 13 (22.81%), and 4 (7.02%) samples for , , and respectively. While the -PCR showed that 41 samples (71.93%) were positive-30 samples (52.63%) were identified as containing and 11 samples (19.30%) were identified to have , whereas was not detected. Forty-seven samples (82.45%) were positive for DNA and the phylogenetic tree of all positive was classified into the supergroup C clade. This study has established fundamental data on filariasis associated with infection in domestic dogs in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. An extensive survey of dog blood samples would provide valuable epidemiologic data on potential zoonotic filariasis in Thailand. In addition, this information could be used for the future development of more effective prevention and control strategies for canine filariasis in Thailand.
犬丝虫病由多种线虫引起，如、、、和。人兽共患丝虫病是世界上被忽视的热带病之一。自2000年以来，世界卫生组织（WHO）推行了一项全球丝虫病根除计划，目标是到2020年消除丝虫病。除了病媒控制策略外，控制储存宿主的感染对于更有效地控制丝虫病是必要的。此外，许多研究报告称，对于丝虫线虫的发育、繁殖和生存是必需的。因此，使用抗生素杀死线虫中的现已成为控制丝虫病的一种替代策略。此前，泰国曼谷市中心一名女性曾报告过一例由 spp. 引起的结膜下恶丝虫病病例。因此，我们的研究主要旨在证明从泰国曼谷都会区的家犬采集的血液中存在丝虫线虫和细菌。共采集了57份来自曼谷兽医诊所的疑似恶丝虫病犬的血液样本。通过显微镜检查和分子检查来调查微丝蚴的存在情况。基于和区域，PCR被用作丝虫线虫的分子检测方法。使用PCR扩增基因来证明的存在。然后对所有PCR阳性样本进行克隆和测序。结果显示，通过显微镜检查在16份样本（28.07%）中检测到丝虫线虫。使用-PCR对丝虫种类进行分子检测显示，50份样本（87.72%）呈阳性；其中分别为 spp. 33份（57.89%）、 spp. 13份（22.81%）和 spp. 4份（7.02%）。而-PCR显示41份样本（71.93%）呈阳性——30份样本（52.63%）被鉴定为含有，11份样本（19.30%）被鉴定为含有，未检测到。47份样本（82.45%）的DNA呈阳性，所有阳性的系统发育树被分类到超群C分支。本研究建立了曼谷都会区家犬中与感染相关的丝虫病基础数据。对犬血样本进行广泛调查将为泰国潜在的人兽共患丝虫病提供有价值的流行病学数据。此外，这些信息可用于泰国未来制定更有效的犬丝虫病预防和控制策略。
