García-Padilla Carlos, Aránega Amelia, Franco Diego
Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
AIMS Genet. 2018 Mar 26;5(2):124-140. doi: 10.3934/genet.2018.2.124. eCollection 2018.
Cells display a set of RNA molecules at one time point, reflecting thus the cellular transcriptional steady state, configuring therefore its transcriptome. It is basically composed of two different classes of RNA molecules; protein-coding RNAs (cRNAs) and protein non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Sequencing of the human genome and subsequently the ENCODE project identified that more than 80% of the genome is transcribed in some type of RNA. Importantly, only 3% of these transcripts correspond to protein-coding RNAs, pointing that ncRNAs are as important or even more as cRNAs. ncRNAs have pivotal roles in development, differentiation and disease. Non-coding RNAs can be classified into two distinct classes according to their length; i.e., small (<200 nt) and long (>200 nt) noncoding RNAs. The structure, biogenesis and functional roles of small non-coding RNA have been widely studied, particularly for microRNAs (miRNAs). In contrast to microRNAs, our current understanding of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is limited. In this manuscript, we provide state-of-the art review of the functional roles of long non-coding RNAs during cardiac development as well as an overview of the emerging role of these ncRNAs in distinct cardiac diseases.
细胞在某一时刻展示出一组RNA分子，从而反映细胞转录稳态，进而构成其转录组。它主要由两类不同的RNA分子组成：蛋白质编码RNA（cRNA）和蛋白质非编码RNA（ncRNA）。人类基因组测序以及随后的ENCODE计划发现，超过80%的基因组会转录为某种类型的RNA。重要的是，这些转录本中只有3%对应蛋白质编码RNA，这表明ncRNA与cRNA同样重要甚至更重要。ncRNA在发育、分化和疾病中具有关键作用。非编码RNA可根据其长度分为两类，即小（<200 nt）非编码RNA和长（>200 nt）非编码RNA。小非编码RNA的结构、生物合成和功能作用已得到广泛研究，尤其是微小RNA（miRNA）。与微小RNA不同，我们目前对长非编码RNA（lncRNA）的了解有限。在本手稿中，我们提供了长非编码RNA在心脏发育过程中的功能作用的最新综述，以及这些ncRNA在不同心脏疾病中新兴作用的概述。
