Tann Jason Y, Moore Adrian W
Laboratory for Neurodiversity, RIKEN Centre for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.
Results Probl Cell Differ. 2019;67:337-357. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-23173-6_14.
Neurons are polarized cells with long branched axons and dendrites. Microtubule generation and organization machineries are crucial to grow and pattern these complex cellular extensions. Microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) concentrate the molecular machinery for templating microtubules, stabilizing the nascent polymer, and organizing the resultant microtubules into higher-order structures. MTOC formation and function are well described at the centrosome, in the spindle, and at interphase Golgi; we review these studies and then describe recent results about how the machineries acting at these classic MTOCs are repurposed in the postmitotic neuron for axon and dendrite differentiation. We further discuss a constant tug-of-war interplay between different MTOC activities in the cell and how this process can be used as a substrate for transcription factor-mediated diversification of neuron types.
神经元是具有长分支轴突和树突的极化细胞。微管生成和组织机制对于这些复杂细胞延伸的生长和形态形成至关重要。微管组织中心（MTOC）集中了用于微管模板化、稳定新生聚合物以及将所得微管组织成高阶结构的分子机制。MTOC的形成和功能在中心体、纺锤体和间期高尔基体中已有充分描述；我们回顾这些研究，然后描述关于在这些经典MTOC起作用的机制如何在有丝分裂后神经元中被重新利用以实现轴突和树突分化的最新结果。我们进一步讨论细胞中不同MTOC活动之间持续的拔河式相互作用，以及这个过程如何能够用作转录因子介导的神经元类型多样化的基础。
