McLaws M L, Gold J, King K, Irwig L M, Berry G
Department of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW.
Med J Aust. 1988;149(11-12):582-90. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120795.x.
The first national survey of the prevalence of nosocomial and community-acquired infections in Australian hospitals was carried out during July 1984. Data were collected on 28,643 patients in rural and metropolitan, public and private acute-care hospitals. The over-all adjusted prevalence of nosocomial infections was 6.3%; the prevalence of community-acquired infection was 9.7%. A total of 5940 infections occurred; 39% were hospital-acquired infections and 61% were community-acquired infections. These occurred at the following sites: the respiratory tract, 35.4% (2100 infections; contributing 19% of hospital-acquired infections and 46% of community-acquired infections); the urinary tract, 15.1% (896 infections; contributing 22% of hospital-acquired infections and 11% of community-acquired infections); surgical wounds, 13.4% (797 infections; contributing 34% of hospital-acquired infections); the gastrointestinal tract, 7.8% (466 infections; contributing 3.4% of hospital-acquired infections and 11% of community-acquired infections); skin, 6.3% (376 infections; contributing 4.4% of hospital-acquired infections and 8% of community-acquired infections); abscesses, 1.9% (113 infections; contributing 0.9% of hospital-acquired infections and 2% of community-acquired infections); traumatic wounds, 1.5% (90 infections; contributing 0.9% of hospital-acquired infections and 2% of community-acquired infections); bacteraemia, 1.5% (89 infections; contributing 1.6% of hospital-acquired infections and 1% of community-acquired infections); burns, 0.2% (14 infections; contributing 0.3% of hospital-acquired infections and 0.2% of community-acquired infections); and other, 16.8% (999 infections; contributing 13.4% of hospital-acquired infections and 19% of community-acquired infections). There was a significant association between hospital size and infection rates. The nosocomial infection prevalence rate increased from 4.2% in hospitals with 50-99 beds to 7.6% in hospitals with 500 or more beds. The prevalence of community-acquired infections was higher in rural (11.5%) than in metropolitan (8.7%) hospitals. After adjusting for hospital size, public hospitals had significantly-higher prevalences of nosocomial (6.7%) and community-acquired (10.6%) infection than did private hospitals (nosocomial infection, 4.8%; community-acquired infection, 6.3%).
1984年7月，澳大利亚开展了首次全国性医院内感染和社区获得性感染患病率调查。收集了农村和城市、公立和私立急症医院28643名患者的数据。医院内感染的总体校正患病率为6.3%；社区获得性感染的患病率为9.7%。共发生5940例感染；39%为医院获得性感染，61%为社区获得性感染。这些感染发生在以下部位：呼吸道，35.4%（2100例感染；占医院获得性感染的19%和社区获得性感染的46%）；泌尿道，1
