Mikail Hudu Garba, Akumka David Dezi, Adamu Mohammed, Zaifada Aishatu Ummi
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.
Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.
Vet World. 2019 Jun;12(6):830-833. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.830-833. Epub 2019 Jun 17.
Sedative drugs mostly cause dose-dependent depression of the central nervous system which results in hypnosis and anesthesia possibly; however, these agents are associated with some side effects ranging respiratory, digestive, immune system dysfunctions, tolerance, cognitive function deterioration, and physical dependence; hence, investigations of newer and safer agents are, therefore, imperative. The current study was aimed at investigating the sedative-hypnotic (S-H) effects of the methanol leaf extract of in mice.
Phytochemical screening of the leaf extract was conducted, and S-H activity of the plant extract was evaluated. Twenty Swiss Albino mice were randomly divided into four groups of five mice each. The mice in Groups A and B were injected with the extract intraperitoneally (IP) at the dose rate of 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively, those in Group C were injected with xylazine at the dose rate of 10 mg/kg, while Group D mice received distilled water at the dose rate of 2 ml/kg. All the four experimental groups were injected with ketamine (IP) at the dose rate of 100 mg/kg after 30 min.
Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugars, steroids and triterpenes, saponins, tannins, condensed tannins, and flavonoids, while anthraquinones, anthracene derivatives, and alkaloids were absent. Results from the S-H evaluation show no significant difference (p≥0.05) on the onset of sleep time between the four experimental groups; however, statistically significant difference (p≤0.05) was recorded in the sleep duration time between the groups treated with only ketamine and the other experimental groups pre-treated with either the extract or xylazine before ketamine administration. The group pre-treated with a high dose of the plant extract (200 mg/kg) and the treated with ketamine after 30 min exhibited longer sleeping duration time. The plant extract, xylazine and ketamine, sedated the mice for some period of time after arousal from sleep.
Our finding suggests that methanol leaf extract of possesses S-H potential that may require further scientific investigations.
镇静药物大多会导致中枢神经系统剂量依赖性抑制，可能会引起催眠和麻醉作用；然而，这些药物会引发一些副作用，包括呼吸、消化、免疫系统功能障碍、耐受性、认知功能衰退以及身体依赖性；因此，对更新型、更安全药物的研究势在必行。本研究旨在探究[植物名称未给出]甲醇叶提取物对小鼠的镇静催眠作用。
对叶提取物进行了植物化学筛选，并评估了植物提取物的镇静催眠活性。将20只瑞士白化小鼠随机分为四组，每组五只。A组和B组小鼠分别以100和200mg/kg的剂量腹腔注射提取物，C组小鼠以10mg/kg的剂量注射甲苯噻嗪，而D组小鼠以2ml/kg的剂量接受蒸馏水。30分钟后，所有四个实验组均以100mg/kg的剂量腹腔注射氯胺酮。
提取物的植物化学分析显示存在碳水化合物、强心苷、还原糖、甾体和三萜类、皂苷、单宁、缩合单宁和黄酮类化合物，而不存在蒽醌、蒽衍生物和生物碱。镇静催眠评估结果显示，四个实验组之间入睡时间无显著差异（p≥0.05）；然而，在仅用氯胺酮治疗的组与在氯胺酮给药前先用提取物或甲苯噻嗪预处理的其他实验组之间，睡眠时间记录有统计学显著差异（p≤0.05）。预先用高剂量植物提取物（200mg/kg）处理并在30分钟后用氯胺酮处理后的组睡眠时间更长。植物提取物、甲苯噻嗪和氯胺酮在小鼠从睡眠中苏醒后的一段时间内使其保持镇静。
我们的研究结果表明，[植物名称未给出]甲醇叶提取物具有镇静催眠潜力，可能需要进一步的科学研究。
