Locher Cosima, Koechlin Helen, Gaab Jens, Gerger Heike
Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
School of Psychology, University of Plymounth, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
Front Psychiatry. 2019 Aug 8;10:555. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00555. eCollection 2019.
Psychotherapy and placebo have a long history, and both have been shown to have significant and clinically meaningful effects. In the last 100 years and up to today, psychotherapy has been subject to an enduring and often heated debate about its mechanisms and its possible relationship to placebos and their effects. However, there is little awareness of the placebo effects' counterpart-nocebo effects (from Latin "I will harm")-in the context of psychotherapy. Embedded in the controversy of whether psychotherapy and placebo share some unwanted proximity in terms of effects and mechanisms, the question arises which role nocebo effects may play in relation to psychotherapy. By using two examples, this article analyzes and discusses two different kinds of possible associations between psychotherapy and nocebo effects. We close with possibilities of how to prevent the occurrence of nocebo effects in psychotherapy, including some specific recommendations for clinical practice.
心理治疗和安慰剂有着悠久的历史，并且两者都已被证明具有显著且具有临床意义的效果。在过去的100年直至今日，心理治疗一直处于关于其机制以及它与安慰剂及其效果可能存在的关系的持久且常常激烈的争论之中。然而，在心理治疗的背景下，人们对安慰剂效应的对应面——反安慰剂效应（源自拉丁语“我将伤害”）却知之甚少。在心理治疗和安慰剂在效果及机制方面是否存在一些不必要的相似性这一争议中，出现了反安慰剂效应在心理治疗中可能扮演何种角色的问题。通过两个例子，本文分析并讨论了心理治疗与反安慰剂效应之间两种不同类型的可能关联。我们以如何预防心理治疗中反安慰剂效应的发生的可能性作为结尾，包括一些针对临床实践的具体建议。
