Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science & Technology), Ministry of Education; Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
School of Life Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019 Oct;103(19):7883-7889. doi: 10.1007/s00253-019-10084-x. Epub 2019 Aug 22.
Glucosamine (GlcN) is an amine sugar, in which a hydroxyl group of glucose is replaced with an amino group. It is an important part of the polysaccharides chitin and chitosan and is highly hydrophilic. It is also an important compound required for the formation of cartilage cells and represents one of the elementary units of the cartilage matrix and joint fluid. GlcN has been widely used in food, cosmetics, health care, and pharmaceutical industries. This paper fully addresses the categories and biomanufacturing methods of GlcN, including its production by fermentation with wild-type as well as engineered microorganisms and enzymatic catalysis with a series of chitinolytic enzymes. However, GlcN is usually produced from glucose by fermentation in a coupled manner with N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). Enzymatic catalysis is thus a specific pathway for production of GlcN where chitin can be directly hydrolyzed to GlcN. In industry, GlcN produced with fungal mycelium as raw materials (plant GlcN) is thought as a high-end product because of vegetarian and non-transgenosis. In our opinion, more studies should be performed in order to develop a competitive enzymatic pathway using Aspergillus niger mycelium for the preparation of high-end GlcN.
氨基葡萄糖（GlcN）是一种胺糖，其中葡萄糖的一个羟基被氨基取代。它是几丁质和壳聚糖多糖的重要组成部分，具有高度的亲水性。它也是软骨细胞形成所必需的重要化合物，代表软骨基质和关节液的基本单位之一。GlcN 已广泛应用于食品、化妆品、保健品和制药行业。本文全面介绍了 GlcN 的类别和生物制造方法，包括利用野生型和工程微生物发酵生产，以及一系列甲壳素酶的酶催化生产。然而，GlcN 通常是通过发酵从葡萄糖与 N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖（GlcNAc）偶联生产的。因此，酶催化是一种直接将壳聚糖水解为 GlcN 的特定生产途径。在工业上，真菌菌丝体作为原料（植物 GlcN）生产的 GlcN 被认为是一种高端产品，因为它是素食且非转基因的。在我们看来，应该开展更多的研究，以便利用黑曲霉菌丝体开发具有竞争力的酶法途径，用于制备高端 GlcN。
