McMillan Benjamin E, Bova Jake E, Brewster Carlyle C, Gallagher Nicola T, Paulson Sally L
J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2018 Dec;34(4):281-290. doi: 10.2987/18-6759.1.
The effect of 5 plant species (arborvitae [], boxwood [ sp., Japanese honeysuckle [], rhododendron [ sp.], and zebra grass []) and 2 rates of lambda-cyhalothrin (3.13 ml and 6.25 ml active ingredient [AI]/liter) on knockdown (1 h) and mortality (24 h) of adult female was evaluated over an 8-wk period. A significant difference in knockdown was observed between the 2 rates of lambda-cyhalothrin on the 5 plant species, with the highest proportion of knockdown observed on zebra grass and rhododendron treated at the higher rate. Although mortality was ≥60% and 85% on the 5 plant species at the low and high rates of lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively, a significant difference between the 2 rates was only observed on boxwood and Japanese honeysuckle ( < 0.0001). We also tested the residual toxicity of 3 barrier sprays (lambda-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, and deltamethrin) and evaluated the efficacy of a short (5-min) exposure to the insecticides on knockdown and mortality of adults over time. Significantly higher knockdown was observed with lambda-cyhalothrin compared with bifenthrin and deltamethrin ( < 0.0001). Mean knockdown was ∼98%, 92%, and 20% for lambda-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, and deltamethrin, respectively, at week 2, and ∼98%, 0%, and 44%, respectively, 8 wk after treatments were applied. Adult mortality from the 3 chemical treatments, however, remained above 90% throughout the study. Lastly, the trends in mean proportion of knockdown were similar for mosquitoes exposed for either 5 min or 24 h to the 3 chemicals. An overall decline in mean mortality over time, however, was observed for mosquitoes exposed for 5 min to the chemicals compared with mortality from the 24-h exposure. The results suggest that lambda-cyhalothrin can be an effective barrier spray treatment against adults because its efficacy is limited little by plant species, it has long residual toxicity, and it is effective following only 5 min of exposure.
在8周的时间里，评估了5种植物（侧柏、黄杨、金银花、杜鹃花和斑叶芒）以及2种高效氯氟氰菊酯用量（3.13毫升和6.25毫升活性成分/升）对成年雌性[昆虫名称未给出]的击倒作用（1小时）和死亡率（24小时）。在5种植物上，两种高效氯氟氰菊酯用量的击倒效果存在显著差异，在斑叶芒和杜鹃花上，以较高用量处理时观察到的击倒比例最高。尽管在高效氯氟氰菊酯低用量和高用量时，5种植物上的死亡率分别≥60%和85%，但仅在黄杨和金银花上观察到两种用量之间存在显著差异（P<0.0001）。我们还测试了3种滞留喷洒剂（高效氯氟氰菊酯、联苯菊酯和溴氰菊酯）的残留毒性，并评估了短时间（5分钟）接触这些杀虫剂对成虫击倒和死亡率随时间的影响。与联苯菊酯和溴氰菊酯相比，高效氯氟氰菊酯的击倒效果显著更高（P<0.0001）。在处理后第2周，高效氯氟氰菊酯、联苯菊酯和溴氰菊酯的平均击倒率分别约为98%、92%和20%，在处理后8周分别约为98%、0%和44%。然而，在整个研究过程中，这3种化学处理的成虫死亡率均保持在90%以上。最后，暴露于这3种化学物质5分钟或24小时的蚊子的平均击倒比例趋势相似。然而，与24小时暴露的死亡率相比，暴露于化学物质5分钟的蚊子的平均死亡率随时间总体呈下降趋势。结果表明，高效氯氟氰菊酯可以作为一种有效的针对[昆虫名称未给出]成虫的滞留喷洒处理剂，因为其效果受植物种类影响较小，具有长期残留毒性，并且仅暴露5分钟就有效。
