Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Manhattan College, 4513 Manhattan College Parkway, Riverdale, NY, 10471, USA.
Van Cortlandt Park Alliance, 80 Van Cortlandt Park South Suite E1, Bronx, NY, 10463, USA.
Environ Monit Assess. 2019 Aug 23;191(9):589. doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7765-9.
Different water quality sampling practices such as location selection or frequency can inform future watershed management strategies. The objective of this work was to compare water quality sampling strategies based on different weighted criteria to determine the optimal sampling frequency and sampling location for an urbanized, eutrophic, freshwater system. Weekly water sampling was conducted over a 2-year period at five locations for six water quality parameters. This high frequency (HF) dataset was then deconstructed into a lower frequency (LF) dataset to simulate a monthly sampling strategy. Statistical analyses conducted showed that for all sampling locations the LF datasets were not significantly different from the HF datasets, suggesting monthly sampling is sufficient to capture the overall water quality conditions in this system. A multi-criteria decision analysis was constructed for statistical and operational criteria to determine the optimal sampling locations given different criteria weights. Results showed that the optimal sampling location changed depending on the criteria weighting, suggesting that statistical analyses alone would not be sufficient to determine optimal sampling locations in this system. This analysis was then used if optimal sampling location depended on specific water quality monitoring goals. Results showed that the optimal location depends on the particular water quality monitoring goals and that this effect should also be considered in the design of future sampling programs.
不同的水质采样实践，如地点选择或频率，可以为未来的流域管理策略提供信息。这项工作的目的是比较基于不同加权标准的水质采样策略，以确定一个城市化、富营养化的淡水系统的最佳采样频率和采样地点。在两年的时间里，每周在五个地点对六个水质参数进行水样采集。然后，将这个高频（HF）数据集分解为低频（LF）数据集，以模拟每月的采样策略。进行的统计分析表明，对于所有采样地点，LF 数据集与 HF 数据集没有显著差异，这表明每月采样足以捕捉该系统的整体水质状况。构建了一个多准则决策分析，用于统计和操作标准，以确定在不同标准权重下的最佳采样地点。结果表明，最佳采样地点取决于标准权重的变化，这表明仅进行统计分析不足以确定该系统的最佳采样地点。然后，如果最佳采样地点取决于特定的水质监测目标，则使用此分析。结果表明，最佳位置取决于特定的水质监测目标，在未来的采样计划设计中也应考虑到这一影响。
