Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Karlstad University, 656 37, Karlstad, Sweden.
Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
J Environ Manage. 2019 Nov 1;249:109391. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109391. Epub 2019 Aug 21.
Riparian zones contribute with biodiversity and ecosystem functions of fundamental importance for regulating flow and nutrient transport in waterways. However, agricultural land-use and physical changes made to improve crop productivity and yield have resulted in modified hydrology and displaced natural vegetation. The modification to the hydrology and natural vegetation have affected the biodiversity and many ecosystem functions provided by riparian zones. Here we review the literature to provide state-of-the-art recommendations for riparian zones in agricultural landscapes. We analysed all available publications since 1984 that have quantified services provided by riparian zones and use this information to recommend minimum buffer widths. We also analysed publications that gave buffer width recommendations to sustain different groups of organisms. We found that drainage size matters for nutrient and sediment removal, but also that a 3 m wide buffer zone acts as a basic nutrient filter. However, to maintain a high floral diversity, a 24 m buffer zone is required, while a 144 m buffer is needed to preserve bird diversity. Based on the analysis, we developed the concept of "Ecologically Functional Riparian Zones" (ERZ) and provide a step-by-step framework that managers can use to balance agricultural needs and environmental protection of waterways from negative impacts. By applying ERZ in already existing agricultural areas, we can better meet small targets and move towards the long-term goal of achieving a more functional land management and better environmental status of waterways.
河岸带为调节水流和养分输送提供了具有重要意义的生物多样性和生态系统功能。然而，为了提高作物生产力和产量而进行的农业土地利用和物理性改变，导致了水文条件的改变和自然植被的迁移。水文条件和自然植被的改变，影响了河岸带的生物多样性和许多生态系统功能。在这里，我们回顾了文献，为农业景观中的河岸带提供了最新的建议。我们分析了自 1984 年以来所有量化了河岸带提供的服务的可用出版物，并利用这些信息来推荐最小缓冲带宽度。我们还分析了那些为维持不同生物群体而提供缓冲带宽度建议的出版物。我们发现，排水规模对养分和沉积物的去除很重要，但 3 米宽的缓冲带也可以作为基本的养分过滤器。然而，为了维持较高的花卉多样性，需要 24 米宽的缓冲带，而要保护鸟类多样性，则需要 144 米宽的缓冲带。基于分析结果，我们提出了“具有生态功能的河岸带”（ERZ）的概念，并提供了一个逐步框架，管理者可以利用该框架来平衡农业需求和保护水道免受负面影响。通过在现有的农业区域应用 ERZ，我们可以更好地实现小目标，并朝着实现更具功能性的土地管理和更好的水道环境状况的长期目标迈进。
