Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia; Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia.
Lung Cancer. 2019 Sep;135:21-28. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.07.001. Epub 2019 Jul 5.
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), one of the most common forms of lung cancer, shows accelerated progression and aggressive growth and usually is observed at advanced stages. SCC originates from morphological changes in the bronchial epithelium that occur during chronic inflammation: basal cell hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, and dysplasia I-III. However, the process is not inevitable; it can be stopped at any stage, remain in the stable state indefinitely and either progress or regress. The reasons and mechanisms of different scenarios of the evolution of premalignant lesions in the respiratory epithelium are not fully understood. In this review, we summarized the literature data (including our own data) regarding genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of the premalignant lesions and highlighted factors (environmental causes, inflammation, and gene polymorphism) that may govern their progression or regression. In conclusion, we reviewed strategies for lung cancer prevention and proposed new models and research directions for studying premalignant lesions and developing new tools to predict the risk of their malignant transformation.
鳞状细胞癌（SCC）是最常见的肺癌类型之一，其进展迅速，生长具有侵袭性，通常在晚期发现。SCC 源自支气管上皮在慢性炎症过程中的形态学改变：基底细胞增生、鳞状化生和 I-III 级发育不良。然而，这一过程并非不可避免；它可以在任何阶段停止，在稳定状态下无限期地维持，或者进展或消退。导致呼吸道上皮的癌前病变向不同方向演变的原因和机制尚未完全阐明。在这篇综述中，我们总结了关于癌前病变的遗传、表观遗传、转录组学和蛋白质组学特征的文献数据（包括我们自己的数据），并强调了可能控制其进展或消退的因素（环境原因、炎症和基因多态性）。总之，我们回顾了肺癌的预防策略，并提出了研究癌前病变和开发新工具来预测其恶性转化风险的新模型和研究方向。
