Gutiérrez-Cáceres Sonsoles, Pedraz-Marcos Azucena, Serrano-Gallardo Pilar
Centro de Atención a las Adicciones de Latina. Instituto de Adicciones. Madrid Salud. Madrid. España.
Departamento de Enfermería. Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid. España.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2019 Aug 26;93:e201908048.
People on methadone treatment have increased their life expectancy, aging prematurely with comorbidities. The objective of this study was to know the sociodemographic and clinical profile of these people in the Center for Addiction Care in the district of Latina (belonging to Madrid Salud), as well as the perception of the influence of the treatment on their aging. The Social Determinants of Health Model was used as a framework.
A mixed methodology was used in two phases: a quantitative one, to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the study population; and another qualitative one, through semi-structured interviews to an intentional sample, to explore the history of life and the perception of future needs regarding the health of the participants.
The results highlighted that the average age of the sample was 48.28 years, that they were mostly men (81.25%), of Spanish origin, with a low level of education and economics and with a medium stay in treatment with methadone of ± 13 years. An increase in mental pathologies was found the more years they had been in the program, as well as, at a lower age of onset in consumption, the presence of HIV and Hepatitis C virus increased. In their speeches it was found that the social determinants of Health have conditioned its vital history.
Both consumption and methadone contribute to its stigmatization, not favoring its normalized inclusion in society and determining a high state of vulnerability. This increases as age does, not receive adequate resources to meet their future needs.
接受美沙酮治疗的人群预期寿命有所延长，但却因合并症而过早衰老。本研究的目的是了解拉丁区（隶属于马德里健康局）成瘾护理中心这些人群的社会人口学和临床特征，以及他们对治疗对其衰老影响的看法。本研究以健康的社会决定因素模型为框架。
采用混合方法，分两个阶段进行：第一阶段为定量研究，描述研究人群的社会人口学和临床特征；第二阶段为定性研究，通过对有意抽样的半结构化访谈，探索参与者的生活史以及对其未来健康需求的看法。
结果显示，样本的平均年龄为48.28岁，他们大多为男性（81.25%），西班牙裔，教育程度和经济水平较低，美沙酮治疗的平均时长约为13年。研究发现，参与该项目的时间越长，精神疾病的发病率越高，而且开始吸毒的年龄越低，感染艾滋病毒和丙型肝炎病毒的几率就越高。在他们的讲述中发现，健康的社会决定因素影响了他们的生活历程。
吸毒和美沙酮治疗都导致了他们被污名化，不利于他们正常融入社会，并导致其处于高度脆弱状态。随着年龄增长，这种情况愈发严重，他们没有获得足够的资源来满足未来的需求。
