Department of Marine Biology and Ecology , University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences , 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami , Florida 33149 , United States.
ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University , Townsville , QLD , Australia 4811.
Environ Sci Technol. 2019 Sep 17;53(18):10993-11001. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03915. Epub 2019 Sep 6.
In fishes, olfactory cues evoke behavioral responses that are crucial to survival; however, the receptors, olfactory sensory neurons, are directly exposed to the environment and are susceptible to damage from aquatic contaminants. In 2010, 4.9 million barrels of crude oil were released into the northern Gulf of Mexico from the disaster, exposing marine organisms to this environmental contaminant. We examined the ability of bicolor damselfish (), exposed to the water accommodated fraction (WAF) of crude oil, to respond to chemical alarm cue (CAC) using a two-channel flume. Control bicolor damselfish avoided CAC in the flume choice test, whereas WAF-exposed conspecifics did not. This lack of avoidance persisted following 8 days of control water conditions. We then examined the physiological response to CAC, brine shrimp rinse, bile salt, and amino acid cues using the electro-olfactogram (EOG) technique and found that WAF-exposed bicolor damselfish were less likely to detect CAC as an olfactory cue but showed no difference in EOG amplitude or duration compared to controls. These data indicate that a sublethal WAF exposure directly modifies detection and avoidance of CAC beyond the exposure period and may suggest reduced predator avoidance behavior in oil-exposed fish in the wild.
在鱼类中，嗅觉线索会引发对生存至关重要的行为反应；然而，嗅觉受体——嗅觉感觉神经元直接暴露于环境中，容易受到水生污染物的损害。2010 年，墨西哥湾北部发生了一场灾难，有 490 万桶原油泄漏，使海洋生物暴露于这种环境污染物之下。我们使用双通道水槽，研究了双色雀鲷（）暴露于原油的水可容纳馏分（WAF）后，对化学警报线索（CAC）的反应能力。在水槽选择测试中，对照组的双色雀鲷回避 CAC，而 WAF 暴露的同种鱼则不回避。在对照组水条件下持续 8 天后，这种回避行为仍然存在。然后，我们使用电嗅图（EOG）技术，研究了 CAC、卤虾冲洗液、胆盐和氨基酸线索的生理反应，发现 WAF 暴露的双色雀鲷不太可能将 CAC 作为嗅觉线索检测到，但与对照组相比，EOG 幅度或持续时间没有差异。这些数据表明，亚致死 WAF 暴露直接改变了 CAC 的检测和回避，超过了暴露期，并且可能表明在野外暴露于石油的鱼类的捕食者回避行为减少。
