Simon Fraser University, Dept. of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada.
Environment Canada, Pacific Wildlife Research Center, 5421 Robertson Road, Delta, British Columbia, V4K 3N2, Canada; Simon Fraser University, Dept. of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada.
Chemosphere. 2020 Jan;238:124577. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124577. Epub 2019 Aug 16.
Biota samples from the Vancouver municipal landfill located in Delta, BC, Canada, have some of the highest polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels reported from North America. We followed a population of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) breeding in a remediated area in the landfill to identify exposure routes and bioaccumulation of PBDEs in a simple terrestrial food chain. This population was compared to a reference farm site located 40 km east in Glen Valley. We analyzed samples of European starling eggs and nestling livers as well as invertebrate prey species consumed by starlings for PBDE concentrations. We also collected soil samples from starling foraging areas. All samples from the Delta landfill had higher PBDE congener concentrations compared to the Glen Valley reference site and were dominated by BDE-99 and BDE-47. Stable nitrogen (δ N) and carbon (δ C) isotope analysis of starling blood samples and provisioned invertebrates revealed that stable δ signatures differed between the sites indicating that the diet of starlings in the Delta landfill included a component of human refuse. Biota-soil accumulation factors (BSAFs) > 1 demonstrated that PBDEs were bioaccumulating in soil invertebrates, particularly earthworms, which were readily accessible to foraging starlings in the landfill. Biomagnification factors (BMFs) calculated from foraged food items and starling egg and liver samples were >1, indicating that a diet of soil invertebrates and refuse contributed substantially to the PBDE exposure of local starlings.
从位于加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省三角洲的温哥华市垃圾填埋场采集的生物群样本，其多溴二苯醚 (PBDE) 含量是北美的最高水平之一。我们对在垃圾填埋场一个修复区繁殖的欧洲椋鸟种群进行了跟踪研究，以确定 PBDE 在简单的陆地食物链中的暴露途径和生物积累情况。该种群与位于 40 公里外格伦谷的参考农场进行了比较。我们分析了欧洲椋鸟的卵、雏鸟肝脏以及椋鸟食用的无脊椎动物猎物样本中的 PBDE 浓度。我们还收集了椋鸟觅食区的土壤样本。与格伦谷参考地点相比，来自三角洲垃圾填埋场的所有样本的 PBDE 同系物浓度都更高，且以 BDE-99 和 BDE-47 为主。对来自三角洲垃圾填埋场的椋鸟血液样本和提供的无脊椎动物进行的稳定氮 (δ N) 和碳 (δ C) 同位素分析表明，两个地点的稳定同位素特征不同，表明在三角洲垃圾填埋场的椋鸟的饮食中包括了人类垃圾的成分。生物群-土壤积累因子 (BSAF) > 1 表明 PBDE 在土壤无脊椎动物中生物积累，特别是在垃圾填埋场中觅食的椋鸟很容易接触到的蚯蚓。从觅食的食物和椋鸟的卵和肝脏样本中计算出的生物放大因子 (BMF) > 1，表明土壤无脊椎动物和垃圾的饮食对当地椋鸟的 PBDE 暴露有很大贡献。
