Shah Soham M, Wahba Michael, Yu Linlong, Achari Gopal, Habibi Hamid R
Department of Biological Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
Toxics. 2019 Aug 23;7(3):42. doi: 10.3390/toxics7030042.
Sulfolane is a widely used polar, aprotic solvent that has been detected by chemical analysis in groundwater and creeks around the world including Alberta, Canada (800 µg/mL), Louisiana, USA (2900 µg/mL) and Brisbane, Australia (4344 µg/mL). Previous research provided information on adverse effects of sulfolane on mammals, but relatively little information is available on aquatic organisms. This study tested the effects of sulfolane (0-5000 µg/mL) on early development of zebrafish larvae, using various morphometric (survival, hatching, yolk sac and pericardial oedema, haemorrhaging, spinal malformations, swim bladder inflation), growth (larval length, eye volume, yolk sac utilisation), behavioural (touch response, locomotor activity and transcript abundance parameters (, , , , , , , , , , , and ) for 120 h. Embryos were chronically exposed to sulfolane throughout the experimental period. For locomotor activity, however, we also investigated acute response to 2-h sulfolane treatment. Sulfolane sensitivity causing significant impairment in the observed parameters were different depending on parameters measured, including survival (concentrations greater than 800 µg/mL), morphometric and growth (800-1000 µg/mL), behaviour (500-800 µg/mL) and transcript abundance (10 µg/mL). The overall results provide novel information on the adverse health impacts of sulfolane on an aquatic vertebrate species, and an insight into developmental impairments following exposure to environmental levels of sulfolane in fish embryos.
环丁砜是一种广泛使用的极性非质子溶剂，通过化学分析已在世界各地的地下水和小溪中检测到，包括加拿大艾伯塔省（800微克/毫升）、美国路易斯安那州（2900微克/毫升）和澳大利亚布里斯班（4344微克/毫升）。先前的研究提供了环丁砜对哺乳动物不利影响的信息，但关于水生生物的信息相对较少。本研究测试了环丁砜（0 - 5000微克/毫升）对斑马鱼幼体早期发育的影响，使用了各种形态学指标（存活率、孵化率、卵黄囊和心包水肿、出血、脊柱畸形、鳔充气）、生长指标（幼体长度、眼体积、卵黄囊利用率）、行为指标（触摸反应、运动活性）以及转录丰度参数（、、、、、、、、、、、和），实验时长为120小时。在整个实验期间，胚胎被长期暴露于环丁砜中。然而，对于运动活性，我们还研究了环丁砜2小时处理后的急性反应。根据所测量的参数不同，导致观察参数出现显著损伤的环丁砜敏感性也不同，包括存活率（浓度大于800微克/毫升）、形态学和生长指标（800 - 1000微克/毫升）、行为指标（500 - 800微克/毫升）和转录丰度（10微克/毫升）。总体结果提供了关于环丁砜对水生脊椎动物物种不利健康影响的新信息，并深入了解了鱼类胚胎暴露于环境水平的环丁砜后所产生的发育损伤。
