Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; McGill Center for the Study of Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Trends Parasitol. 2019 Oct;35(10):809-821. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.07.015. Epub 2019 Aug 23.
Humans live in a microbial world that includes pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and fungi that cause lethal infections. In addition, a large number of microbial communities inhabit mucosal surfaces where they provide key metabolic activities, facilitating adaptation to changing environments. New genome technologies enable both sequencing of the human genome and sequence-based cataloging of microbial communities inhabiting human mucosal surfaces. These have revealed intricate two-way relationships between the microbiome and the genome, including strong effects of human genotypes on the composition and activity of the microbiome. Likewise, the microbiome plays an important role in training and regulating the immune system, and acts to modify expression of human genetic risk for debilitating chronic inflammatory and immune conditions. These studies are suggesting a new role of the microbiome in human health and disease.
人类生活在一个微生物的世界中，其中包括导致致命感染的致病菌、病毒和真菌。此外，大量的微生物群落栖息在黏膜表面，在那里它们提供关键的代谢活动，促进对环境变化的适应。新的基因组技术使人类基因组的测序和栖息在人类黏膜表面的微生物群落的基于序列的编目成为可能。这些技术揭示了微生物组和基因组之间复杂的双向关系，包括人类基因型对微生物组组成和活性的强烈影响。同样，微生物组在训练和调节免疫系统方面发挥着重要作用，并作用于修饰人类遗传易感性慢性炎症和免疫疾病的表达。这些研究表明，微生物组在人类健康和疾病中具有新的作用。
