National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, 33662, Republic of Korea.
J Microbiol. 2019 Sep;57(9):717-724. doi: 10.1007/s12275-019-9195-3. Epub 2019 Aug 27.
Salterns are hypersaline extreme environments with unique physicochemical properties such as a salinity gradient. Although the investigation of microbiota in salterns has focused on archaea and bacteria, diverse fungi also thrive in the brine and soil of salterns. Fungi isolated from salterns are represented by black yeasts (Hortaea werneckii, Phaeotheca triangularis, Aureobasidium pullulans, and Trimmatostroma salinum), Cladosporium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium species. Most studies on saltern-derived fungi gave attention to black yeasts and their physiological characteristics, including growth under various culture conditions. Since then, biochemical and molecular tools have been employed to explore adaptation of these fungi to salt stress. Genome databases of several fungi in salterns are now publicly available and being used to elucidate salt tolerance mechanisms and discover the target genes for agricultural and industrial applications. Notably, the number of enzymes and novel metabolites known to be produced by diverse saltern-derived fungi has increased significantly. Therefore, fungi in salterns are not only interesting and important subjects to study fungal biodiversity and adaptive mechanisms in extreme environments, but also valuable bioresources with potential for biotechnological applications.
盐田是具有独特物理化学性质的高盐极端环境，例如盐度梯度。尽管对盐田微生物群的研究主要集中在古菌和细菌上，但多样性真菌也在盐田的盐水和土壤中繁衍生息。从盐田分离出的真菌以黑酵母（Hortaea werneckii、Phaeotheca triangularis、 Aureobasidium pullulans 和 Trimmatostroma salinum）、枝孢属、曲霉属和青霉属物种为代表。大多数关于盐田真菌的研究都关注黑酵母及其生理特性，包括在各种培养条件下的生长。此后，生化和分子工具被用于探索这些真菌对盐胁迫的适应。现在，几个盐田真菌的基因组数据库已经公开，并被用于阐明耐盐机制和发现农业和工业应用的靶基因。值得注意的是，已知由各种盐田衍生真菌产生的酶和新型代谢物的数量显著增加。因此，盐田中的真菌不仅是研究真菌生物多样性和极端环境适应机制的有趣且重要的课题，而且还是具有生物技术应用潜力的有价值的生物资源。
