Hagan Jacqueline, Leal David, Rodriguez Nestor
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
University of Texas at Austin, Department of Government 158 W 21st Street, A1800 Austin, TX 78712-1704.
Migr Stud. 2015 Nov;3(3):370-392. doi: 10.1093/migration/mnu054. Epub 2015 Mar 11.
The United States currently removes approximately 400,000 individual migrants each year, which represents close to an eightfold increase since the mid-1990s. While scholars have studied the consequences of such policies for children and families, this article posits broader effects on communities through the reduction of immigrant social and human capital. Using findings from three studies of immigrant communities and Salvadoran deportees, we show that current deportation practices remove individuals with a wide range of socio-economic resources and ties to local communities. When they are removed from economic, family, social, and civic networks, the individuals and communities left behind are impoverished in important ways. This is particularly consequential for low-resource immigrant communities, which under the best of circumstances encounter obstacles to economic advancement, social integration, and political engagement. In addition, we consider the potential harm to the institutions in which immigrants participate, such as businesses and churches, which has implications for the economy and society more generally.
美国目前每年驱逐约40万移民，这一数字自20世纪90年代中期以来增长了近八倍。虽然学者们研究了此类政策对儿童和家庭的影响，但本文认为，通过减少移民的社会和人力资本，此类政策会对社区产生更广泛的影响。利用对移民社区和萨尔瓦多被驱逐者的三项研究结果，我们发现，当前的驱逐做法驱逐了拥有广泛社会经济资源且与当地社区有联系的个人。当这些人被从经济、家庭、社会和公民网络中移除时，留下来的个人和社区在重要方面变得贫困。这对资源匮乏的移民社区尤为重要，因为在最好的情况下，这些社区在经济发展、社会融合和政治参与方面都会遇到障碍。此外，我们还考虑了对移民所参与的机构（如企业和教会）的潜在危害，这对更广泛的经济和社会都有影响。
