Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Laboratory of Software and Instrumentation in Applied Physics and Laboratory of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil.
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2019 Dec;28:210-215. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.08.020. Epub 2019 Aug 24.
In the Americas, one of the main causative species of cutaneous leishmaniasis is Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. The systemic antimonials remain the most largely used option for disease control. However, this drug has significant toxicity. The development of new alternative therapies, including the identification of effective drugs for topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis, is of utmost interest. In this sense, photodynamic therapy emerges as a new strategy. The aim of this study was to develop the chloroaluminum phthalocyanine-loaded liposome, characterize it, and evaluate its stability and efficacy in the topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. (L.) amazonensis.
Liposomes composed of egg phosphatidylcholine were prepared by Bangham's method. Storage stability of phthalocyanine-loaded liposomes was evaluated at 30 and 60 days after preparation. For the in vivo evaluation, the animals were infected with L. (L.) amazonensis and divided into groups: chloroaluminium phthalocyanine-loaded liposome, blank liposome, meglumine antimoniate (200 mgSb/Kg/day), and control. The lesion size was determined weekly after the beginning of the treatment. Upon completion, parasites were recovered from the skin lesion and spleen and evaluated by limiting dilution assay.
Chloroaluminum phthalocyanine-loaded liposomes were stable and showed adequate characteristics for topical administration. The topical chloroaluminum phthalocyanine-loaded liposome was as effective as systemic pentavalent antimony in reducing the parasitic load in the lesion and spleen in infected animals.
The present study showed that photodynamic therapy with chloroaluminum phthalocyanine-loaded liposomes is a promising strategy for the treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. (L.) amazonensis.
在美洲，引起皮肤利什曼病的主要病原体之一是 Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis。系统用锑剂仍然是控制疾病最广泛使用的选择。然而，这种药物有很大的毒性。开发新的替代疗法，包括确定有效的局部治疗皮肤利什曼病的药物，是非常有意义的。在这方面，光动力疗法成为一种新的策略。本研究旨在制备载氯铝酞菁的脂质体，对其进行表征，并评估其在治疗由 L. (L.) amazonensis 引起的皮肤利什曼病中的稳定性和疗效。
采用 Bangham 法制备卵磷酯脂质体。在制备后 30 天和 60 天评估载酞菁脂质体的储存稳定性。在体内评价中，动物感染 L. (L.) amazonensis 并分为以下几组：载氯铝酞菁脂质体、空白脂质体、葡甲胺锑（200mgSb/Kg/天）和对照组。从治疗开始后每周测量病变大小。完成后，从皮肤病变和脾脏中回收寄生虫，并通过有限稀释法进行评估。
载氯铝酞菁脂质体稳定，具有良好的局部给药特性。局部给予载氯铝酞菁脂质体与全身用五价锑一样有效，可降低感染动物病变和脾脏中的寄生虫载量。
本研究表明，载氯铝酞菁脂质体的光动力疗法是治疗由 L. (L.) amazonensis 引起的美洲皮肤利什曼病的一种有前途的策略。
