Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Bingöl University, 12000, Bingöl, Turkey.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Nov 15;183:109594. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109594. Epub 2019 Aug 24.
Nickel being a toxic heavy metal is considered as a hazardous pollutant in the soil environment. The cultivation of edible vegetables on Ni contaminated soil can deteriorate plant quality which causes critical health issues to humans and animals. Therefore, the remediation for such Ni polluted soils has currently become a great challenge for the researchers. Contrastingly, lowering bioavailability of Ni in those soils based on applying appropriate immobilizing amendments demonstrating a target to relieve virulence to plants can remarkably diminish the environmental hazard. In this experiment, biochar (BR) along diverse clays like bentonite (BE), cationic-zeolite (C-ZE), chitosan (CN) and attapulgite (AP) as individual doses at 2% each in a soil synthetically spiked with Ni (at 50 ppm) magnificently immobilize Ni and curtailed its bioavailability to lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). In addition, the related influences of planned treatments on translocation of Ni to shoots and leaves, antioxidant preventive system over oxidative injury, biochemistry and nutritional ability of lettuce were monitored. Results suggested that the CN2% treatment performed excellently in terms of reducing Ni concentrations in leaves and roots of lettuce plants along bioavailable Ni in the soil after plant harvest. Surprisingly, the BR2% treatment efficiently promoted enzymatic activities in the soil and developed moisture content, photosynthesis, biomass, biochemistry, and nutrition (both micronutrients and macronutrients) and antioxidant preventive system while diminished Ni oxidative injury in lettuce plants over rest of the treatments. Finally, our results confirmed that individually applying CN at 2% in a Ni contaminated soil could significantly control Ni bioavailability, whereas, application of BR at 2% could remarkably develop aforementioned parameters in lettuce plants.
镍是一种有毒重金属，被认为是土壤环境中的有害污染物。在镍污染的土壤上种植食用蔬菜会降低植物质量，从而对人类和动物的健康造成严重问题。因此，目前对这种镍污染土壤的修复已成为研究人员的一大挑战。相比之下，基于施加适当的固定化改良剂降低土壤中镍的生物有效性，以降低对植物的毒性，可显著降低环境危害。在这项实验中，生物炭（BR）与不同的粘土，如膨润土（BE）、阳离子沸石（C-ZE）、壳聚糖（CN）和凹凸棒石（AP），各自以 2%的剂量单独添加到土壤中，土壤中人为添加镍（50ppm），可显著固定镍，并降低其对生菜（Lactuca sativa L.）的生物有效性。此外，还监测了计划处理对镍向茎叶转移、抗氧化防御系统对氧化损伤、生菜的生物化学和营养能力的相关影响。结果表明，在收获植物后，CN2%处理在降低生菜叶片和根系中的镍浓度以及土壤中生物可利用的镍方面表现出色。令人惊讶的是，BR2%处理有效地促进了土壤中的酶活性，增加了土壤的水分含量、光合作用、生物量、生物化学和营养（包括微量元素和大量元素）以及抗氧化防御系统，同时减轻了镍对生菜的氧化损伤，优于其他处理。最后，我们的结果证实，单独在镍污染土壤中添加 2%的 CN 可以显著控制镍的生物有效性，而添加 2%的 BR 可以显著提高生菜植物中的上述参数。
