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巴旦木壳生物炭和磷酸二钙组合降低菠菜中 Pb 形态的潜力,改善土壤酶活性、植物营养品质和抗氧化防御系统。

Potential of pistachio shell biochar and dicalcium phosphate combination to reduce Pb speciation in spinach, improved soil enzymatic activities, plant nutritional quality, and antioxidant defense system.

机构信息

Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Bingöl University, 12000, Bingöl, Turkey.

出版信息

Chemosphere. 2020 Apr;245:125611. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125611. Epub 2019 Dec 10.

Abstract

Lead-contaminated soils are becoming an ecological risk to the environment because of producing low-quality food which is directly causing critical health issues in humans and animals. We hypothesized that incorporation of dicalcium phosphate (DCP), eggshell powder (ESP) and biochar (BH) at diverse rates into a Pb-affected soil can proficiently immobilize Pb and decline its bioavailability to spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). A soil was artificially spiked with Pb concentration (at 600 mg kg) and further amended with DCP, ESP, and BH (as sole treatments at 2% and in concoctions at 1% each) for immobilization of Pb in the soil. The interlinked effects of applied treatments on Pb concentrations in shoots and roots, biomass, antioxidants, biochemistry, and nutrition of spinach were also investigated. Results depicted that the highest reduction in DTPA-extractable Pb and the concentrations of Pb in shoots and roots was achieved in DCP1%+BH1% treatment that was up to 58%, 66%, and 53%, respectively over control. Likewise, the DCP1%+BH1% treatment also showed the maximum shoot and root dry weight (DW), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and chlorophyll-b (Chl-b) contents and relative water content (RWC) in spinach up to 92%, 121%, 60%, 65%, and 30%, respectively, compared to control. Likewise, DCP1%+BH1% treatment noticeably improved antioxidant enzymes, biochemistry, and nutrition in the leaves. Moreover, the DCP1%+BH1% treatment depicted mostly enhanced activities of dehydrogenase, catalase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, phosphomonoesterase, urease, protease and B-glucosidase in the post-harvested soil up to 118%, 345%, 55%, 92%, 288%, 107%, 53% and 252%, respectively over control.

摘要

受铅污染的土壤由于生产出低质量的食物而对环境造成生态风险,这些食物直接导致人类和动物出现严重的健康问题。我们假设,将磷酸二钙(DCP)、蛋壳粉(ESP)和生物炭(BH)以不同的速率掺入受 Pb 影响的土壤中,可以有效地固定 Pb,并降低其对菠菜(Spinacia oleracea L.)的生物利用度。土壤中人为添加 Pb 浓度(600 mg kg),然后用 DCP、ESP 和 BH 进行进一步改良(单一处理添加 2%,混合处理各添加 1%),以固定土壤中的 Pb。还研究了施加处理对菠菜地上部和根部 Pb 浓度、生物量、抗氧化剂、生物化学和营养的相互影响。结果表明,在 DCP1%+BH1%处理中,DTPA 可提取 Pb 和地上部、根部 Pb 浓度的降低幅度最大,分别比对照高 58%、66%和 53%。同样,DCP1%+BH1%处理还表现出最大的地上部和根部干重(DW)、叶绿素-a(Chl-a)和叶绿素-b(Chl-b)含量以及相对含水量(RWC),分别比对照高 92%、121%、60%、65%和 30%。同样,DCP1%+BH1%处理显著提高了叶片中的抗氧化酶、生物化学和营养水平。此外,DCP1%+BH1%处理在收获后的土壤中,脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、磷酸单酯酶、脲酶、蛋白酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性分别提高了 118%、345%、55%、92%、288%、107%、53%和 252%。

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