Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Serrano 115 dpdo., 28006 Madrid, Spain.
Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Serrano 115 dpdo., 28006 Madrid, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Dec 15;696:133713. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133713. Epub 2019 Aug 3.
The aim of this research was to conduct an empirical assessment of the risks of N-loss to groundwater associated with land use (LU), based on annual data on the net N-balance surplus in Spanish crops. These data were used to generate a detailed risk rating system reflecting the potential risks of N-loss from agriculture. The new LU ratings were used to assess the specific vulnerability of groundwater to nitrate pollution, by using the LU-IV procedure (Arauzo 2017). The study area included the catchment areas of 12 alluvial aquifers associated to tributaries of the Ebro River (Spain). Most of the alluvial aquifers were chronically polluted by nitrate, with only a few remaining unaffected by pollution. The LU maps from two different base maps (MCAE 2000-09; SIOSE 2011) were used to generate the respective versions of the map of vulnerability to nitrate pollution using the LU-IV procedure. Potential nitrate vulnerable zones (NVZ) were extracted from different models of vulnerability for comparison with the map of groundwater nitrate content. The models compared were the following: model A (LU-IV procedure, based on MCAE 2000-09 and using LU ratings from N-surpluses in Spanish crops), model B (LU-IV procedure, based on SIOSE 2011 and using LU ratings from N-surpluses in Spanish crops), model C (LU-IV procedure, based on MCAE 2000-09 and using LU ratings from bibliographical references; Arauzo, 2017), model D (IV index), model E (DRASTIC index), and model F (GOD index). Results confirmed, as expected, that models A and B proved to be the best risk predictors, both for polluted groundwater areas and for areas at risk of being polluted. These results support the high level of reliability of the LU-IV procedure, when applying the LU ratings obtained empirically from the N-surpluses.
本研究旨在基于西班牙作物净氮平衡盈余的年度数据，对与土地利用（LU）相关的地下水 N 损失风险进行实证评估。这些数据被用于生成一个详细的风险评级系统，反映农业 N 损失的潜在风险。新的 LU 评级被用于通过 LU-IV 程序（Arauzo，2017）评估地下水对硝酸盐污染的特定脆弱性。研究区域包括与埃布罗河（西班牙）支流相关的 12 个冲积含水层的流域。大多数冲积含水层受到硝酸盐的长期污染，只有少数未受污染。使用来自两个不同基础地图（MCAE 2000-09；SIOSE 2011）的 LU 地图，通过 LU-IV 程序生成硝酸盐污染脆弱性的相应版本的地图。从不同的脆弱性模型中提取潜在的硝酸盐脆弱区（NVZ），以与地下水硝酸盐含量的地图进行比较。比较的模型如下：模型 A（基于 MCAE 2000-09 的 LU-IV 程序，使用西班牙作物氮盈余的 LU 评级）、模型 B（基于 SIOSE 2011 的 LU-IV 程序，使用西班牙作物氮盈余的 LU 评级）、模型 C（基于 MCAE 2000-09 的 LU-IV 程序，使用来自参考文献的 LU 评级；Arauzo，2017）、模型 D（IV 指数）、模型 E（DRASTIC 指数）和模型 F（GOD 指数）。结果证实，正如预期的那样，模型 A 和 B 被证明是污染地下水区域和面临污染风险区域的最佳风险预测模型。这些结果支持了 LU-IV 程序的高可靠性，当应用从氮盈余中经验获得的 LU 评级时。
