Okafor Edwin Nkemjika, Ugonabo Martin C, Chukwukelu Ekene E, Okonkwo Innocent N, Ezigbo Enyuche, Odurukwe Obiageli
Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria.
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Clinical Chemistry Unit, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria.
Niger Med J. 2019 Mar-Apr;60(2):62-67. doi: 10.4103/nmj.NMJ_34_19.
Thyroid disorders (TDs) remain the second-most common endocrine disease after diabetes worldwide. Recently, there has been increased interest in the prevalence and pattern of TD based on the fact that it accelerates cardiovascular complications. However, there are limited data on the prevalence and pattern of TDs in the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu, Southeast Nigeria.
We studied prevalence and pattern of TDs as seen in patients attending UNTH, Enugu, Nigeria.
This study was conducted in the Outpatient Department of UNTH Enugu from January 2016 to January 2019. Demographic and clinical data collected include age, gender, anthropometrics, clinical features, and associated complications of TDs. The patients were grouped as hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS) according to symptoms, signs, thyroid function test, liver function test, fasting blood sugar, and cholesterol.
A total of 260 patients (210 females and 50 males) with a mean age of 49.22 ± 9.79 years reflected overall prevalence rate of 2.4%. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism 150 (58%), hypothyroidism 100 (39%), and (ESS) 10 (3.9%) was 1.4%, 0.9%, and 0.09%, respectively. Hypertension 34.3%, heart failure 26.7%, and atrial fibrillation 20% seen in Grave's disease were the most common cause of hospitalization and death.
Grave's disease is the most common cause of TDs and occurs more in females than males in this study. We observed that hypertension, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation are promoters of complication in TDs. Health system facilities need to be strengthened in this area to improve the detection and management of TDs.
甲状腺疾病（TDs）仍是全球仅次于糖尿病的第二大常见内分泌疾病。近来，基于甲状腺疾病会加速心血管并发症这一事实，人们对其患病率和模式的关注度有所增加。然而，关于尼日利亚东南部埃努古的尼日利亚大学教学医院（UNTH）甲状腺疾病的患病率和模式的数据有限。
我们研究了在尼日利亚埃努古的UNTH就诊的患者中甲状腺疾病的患病率和模式。
本研究于2016年1月至2019年1月在UNTH埃努古的门诊部进行。收集的人口统计学和临床数据包括年龄、性别、人体测量学、临床特征以及甲状腺疾病的相关并发症。根据症状、体征、甲状腺功能测试、肝功能测试、空腹血糖和胆固醇，将患者分为甲状腺功能亢进、甲状腺功能减退和正常甲状腺病态综合征（ESS）。
共有260例患者（210例女性和50例男性），平均年龄为49.22±9.79岁，总体患病率为2.4%。甲状腺功能亢进的患病率为150例（58%），甲状腺功能减退为100例（39%），（ESS）为10例（3.9%），分别为1.4%、0.9%和0.09%。在格雷夫斯病中出现的高血压占34.3%、心力衰竭占26.7%、心房颤动占20%，是住院和死亡的最常见原因。
在本研究中，格雷夫斯病是甲状腺疾病最常见的病因，女性比男性更易发生。我们观察到高血压、心力衰竭和心房颤动是甲状腺疾病并发症的促成因素。该地区的卫生系统设施需要加强，以改善甲状腺疾病的检测和管理。
