Pandey Sanjay, Ranjan Alok, Singh C M, Kumar Pragya, Ahmad Shamshad, Agrawal Neeraj
Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2019 Jul;8(7):2484-2489. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_356_19.
Avoidable sickness, disabilities and death among under 5 children are prevented by routine immunization against some specific diseases. The percentage fully immunized children was 69.9% in Bihar, India, and was almost same in rural area. Immunization coverage is also associated with various socio-demographic factors. The aim of this study is to assess the immunization coverage among children in rural areas of Bhojpur district and identify socio-demographic factors associated with it.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in rural areas of Bhojpur district during January to May 2015. 2 stage cluster sampling was done. 36 villages were selected randomly as primary selection units and within each village, 10 children of age 12-36 months were selected from the sampling frame of all eligible children in selected village. A pre-designed, pre-tested checklist was used by the trained investigators during their visits.
A total of 360 children of age 12-36 months were included in the study, of which 65% of children were fully immunized, 33.9% were partially immunized, and 1.1% were not immunized at all. Mother's education (AOR 2.28 (1.28-4.05), value = 0.005), place of birth (AOR 29.04 (10.75-78.43), value = 0.0001) and availability of immunization card (AOR 120.04 (15.82-916.47), value = 0.001) were significantly associated with immunization status.
Immunisation coverage in this area was lower. Socio-demographic factors like mother's literacy, place of birth and availability of immunization cards were significantly associated with full immunization of children. It is needed to focus on health related education among parents regarding immunizing services.
针对某些特定疾病的常规免疫可预防5岁以下儿童中本可避免的疾病、残疾和死亡。在印度比哈尔邦，完全免疫儿童的比例为69.9%，农村地区的这一比例几乎相同。免疫接种覆盖率还与各种社会人口因素相关。本研究的目的是评估博杰布尔区农村地区儿童的免疫接种覆盖率，并确定与之相关的社会人口因素。
2015年1月至5月在博杰布尔区农村地区进行了一项横断面研究。采用两阶段整群抽样。随机选择36个村庄作为初级抽样单位，在每个村庄内，从选定村庄所有符合条件儿童的抽样框架中选取10名12至36个月大的儿童。经过培训的调查人员在走访期间使用预先设计、预先测试的清单。
本研究共纳入360名12至36个月大的儿童，其中65%的儿童完全免疫，33.9%的儿童部分免疫，1.1%的儿童完全未免疫。母亲的教育程度（调整后比值比2.28（1.28 - 4.05），P值 = 0.005）、出生地（调整后比值比29.04（10.75 - 78.43），P值 = 0.0001）和免疫接种卡的持有情况（调整后比值比120.04（15.82 - 916.47），P值 = 0.001）与免疫接种状况显著相关。
该地区的免疫接种覆盖率较低。母亲的识字率、出生地和免疫接种卡的持有情况等社会人口因素与儿童的完全免疫显著相关。需要关注对家长进行有关免疫接种服务的健康教育。
