Department of Neurology, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany.
Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Elife. 2019 Aug 29;8:e46831. doi: 10.7554/eLife.46831.
Prediction errors are thought to drive associative fear learning. Surprisingly little is known about the possible contribution of the cerebellum. To address this question, healthy participants underwent a differential fear conditioning paradigm during 7T magnetic resonance imaging. An event-related design allowed us to separate cerebellar fMRI signals related to the visual conditioned stimulus (CS) from signals related to the subsequent unconditioned stimulus (US; an aversive electric shock). We found significant activation of cerebellar lobules Crus I and VI bilaterally related to the CS+ compared to the CS-. Most importantly, significant activation of lobules Crus I and VI was also present during the unexpected omission of the US in unreinforced CS+ acquisition trials. This activation disappeared during extinction when US omission became expected. These findings provide evidence that the cerebellum has to be added to the neural network processing predictions and prediction errors in the emotional domain.
预测误差被认为是驱动联想性恐惧学习的原因。令人惊讶的是，人们对小脑可能的贡献知之甚少。为了解决这个问题，健康的参与者在 7T 磁共振成像期间接受了差异恐惧条件作用范式。事件相关设计使我们能够将与视觉条件刺激（CS）相关的小脑 fMRI 信号与与随后的非条件刺激（US；令人厌恶的电击）相关的信号分开。我们发现，与 CS-相比，双侧 Crus I 和 VI 小脑叶与 CS+相关的激活显著。最重要的是，在未强化的 CS+获得试验中，当 US 意外缺失时，也存在 Crus I 和 VI 小脑叶的显著激活。这种激活在消退时消失，当 US 缺失变得可预测时。这些发现提供了证据表明，小脑必须被添加到处理预测和预测误差的神经网络中，以用于情绪领域。
