Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
PLoS One. 2019 Aug 29;14(8):e0221429. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221429. eCollection 2019.
Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter, common in poultry, is a global public health issue. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter has been linked to the use of antimicrobials in food animals. Small poultry flocks are becoming increasingly popular not only as a source of food but also as pets, yet not all small flock owners are aware of proper antimicrobial use practices and safe food handling protocols. This trend could contribute to antimicrobial resistance. In order to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter in small poultry flocks, we analyzed data from birds that had been submitted to a diagnostic laboratory in Ontario between October 2015 and September 2017. A pooled cecal sample was obtained from each submission and cultured for Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Three isolates were recovered from each positive sample and tested for susceptibility to nine antimicrobials using a broth microdilution method. Overall, 176 isolates were recovered (141 chicken, 21 turkey, 6 duck, and 8 game bird). A high frequency of resistance to tetracycline was observed in the C. jejuni isolates from chickens (77%) and turkeys (100%), and in the C. coli isolates from turkeys (50%) and game birds (40%). Campylobacter jejuni isolates had higher odds of resistance to tetracycline (OR = 3.54, P ≤ 0.01) compared to C. coli isolates. Overall, there was a low frequency of resistance to quinolones and a very low frequency of resistance to macrolides. Multidrug resistance was uncommon. The high prevalence of tetracycline resistance emphasizes the importance of prudent antimicrobial use in small flocks. Although low, the presence of resistance to macrolides and quinolones, which are used to treat campylobacteriosis in humans, highlights the need for proper food safety and infection control practices by small flock owners to prevent exposure to antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter.
空肠弯曲菌对抗生素的耐药性在禽类中很常见，是一个全球性的公共卫生问题。食源性动物中抗生素的使用与抗药性空肠弯曲菌的出现和传播有关。小型家禽养殖越来越受欢迎，不仅是食物的来源，也是宠物，但并非所有小型家禽养殖者都了解正确使用抗生素的做法和安全的食物处理规程。这种趋势可能会导致抗生素耐药性的产生。为了确定小型家禽养殖中空肠弯曲菌的抗生素耐药性流行情况，我们分析了 2015 年 10 月至 2017 年 9 月间提交给安大略省一个诊断实验室的鸟类数据。从每份提交的样本中采集一个混合盲肠样本，用于培养空肠弯曲菌和大肠弯曲菌。从每个阳性样本中分离出三个菌株，并使用肉汤微量稀释法检测对 9 种抗生素的敏感性。总的来说，从 176 个分离株中恢复了（141 个鸡、21 个火鸡、6 个鸭和 8 个野禽）。从鸡（77%）和火鸡（100%）的空肠弯曲菌分离株中观察到四环素耐药率很高，从火鸡（50%）和野禽（40%）的大肠弯曲菌分离株中也观察到四环素耐药率很高。与大肠弯曲菌分离株相比，空肠弯曲菌分离株对四环素的耐药率更高（OR=3.54，P≤0.01）。总的来说，对喹诺酮类的耐药率较低，对大环内酯类的耐药率非常低。多药耐药性不常见。四环素耐药率高强调了在小型家禽中谨慎使用抗生素的重要性。虽然较低，但大环内酯类和喹诺酮类的耐药性存在，这些药物用于治疗人类弯曲菌病，突出了小型家禽养殖者需要采取适当的食品安全和感染控制措施，以防止接触到抗生素耐药性的空肠弯曲菌。
