Revusky S, Martin G M
Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1988;96(3):400-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00216070.
Conditioned taste aversions (CTAs) develop if toxicosis is induced after an animal eats or drinks. Usually, if a second drug is administered after consumption and prior to the toxin, it either adds to the CTA produced by the toxin or else has no noticeable effect. However, glucocorticoids (dexamethasone, cortisol, methylprednisolone, and prednisolone) attenuate CTAs produced by cyclophosphamide. Dexamethasone was tested most extensively and is also effective against CTAs produced by carmustine, cisplatin, copper sulfate, cytarabine, dactinomycin, doxorubicin, lithium chloride, and mechlorethamine. Delta-9 THC, domperidone, haloperidol, metoclopramide, and scopolamine were ineffective against CTAs produced by cyclophosphamide, although they are used medically for palliative purposes. Prochlorperazine attenuated CTAs but to a much smaller extent than the glucocorticoids. These results are interpreted as cross-validation of recent reports that glucocorticoids alleviate clinically observed distress produced by cancer chemotherapies.
如果动物进食或饮水后诱发中毒，就会形成条件性味觉厌恶（CTA）。通常，如果在摄入毒素之前服用第二种药物，它要么会增强毒素产生的CTA，要么没有明显效果。然而，糖皮质激素（地塞米松、皮质醇、甲泼尼龙和泼尼松龙）会减弱环磷酰胺产生的CTA。地塞米松经过了最广泛的测试，对卡莫司汀、顺铂、硫酸铜、阿糖胞苷、放线菌素D、多柔比星、氯化锂和氮芥产生的CTA也有效。Δ-9四氢大麻酚、多潘立酮、氟哌啶醇、甲氧氯普胺和东莨菪碱对环磷酰胺产生的CTA无效，尽管它们在医学上用于缓解症状。丙氯拉嗪减弱了CTA，但程度远小于糖皮质激素。这些结果被解释为对近期报道的交叉验证，即糖皮质激素可减轻癌症化疗在临床上观察到的痛苦。
