de Araújo Thádia Evelyn, Milián Iliana Claudia Balga, de Souza Guilherme, da Silva Rafaela José, Rosini Alessandra Monteiro, Guirelli Pâmela Mendonça, Franco Priscila Silva, Barbosa Bellisa Freitas, Ferro Eloisa Amália Vieira, da Costa Idessania Nazareth
Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
Cell Biol Int. 2020 Jan;44(1):36-50. doi: 10.1002/cbin.11222. Epub 2019 Sep 18.
During pregnancy, the placenta regulates the transfer of oxygen, nutrients, and residual products between the maternal and fetal bloodstreams and is a key determinant of fetal exposure to xenobiotics from the mother. To study the disposition of substances through the placenta, various experimental models are used, especially the perfused placenta, placental villi explants, and cell lineage models. In this context, nanotechnology, an area of study that is on the rise, enables the creation of particles on nanometric scales capable of releasing drugs aimed at specific tissues. An important reason for furthering the studies on transplacental transfer is to explore the potential of nanoparticles (NPs), in new delivery strategies for drugs that are specifically aimed at the mother, the placenta, or the fetus and that involve less toxicity. Due to the fact that the placental barrier is essential for the interaction between the maternal and fetal organisms as well as the possibility of NPs being used in the treatment of various pathologies, the aim of this review is to present the main experimental models used in studying the maternal-fetal interaction and the action of NPs in the placental environment.
在孕期，胎盘调节着母体和胎儿血流之间氧气、营养物质及代谢产物的转运，并且是胎儿接触母体异生物的关键决定因素。为研究物质通过胎盘的处置情况，人们使用了各种实验模型，尤其是灌注胎盘、胎盘绒毛外植体和细胞系模型。在此背景下，纳米技术这一正在兴起的研究领域，能够制造出纳米级别的颗粒，这些颗粒能够释放针对特定组织的药物。进一步开展经胎盘转运研究的一个重要原因，是探索纳米颗粒（NPs）在专门针对母体、胎盘或胎儿且毒性较小的新型药物递送策略中的潜力。鉴于胎盘屏障对于母体和胎儿机体之间的相互作用至关重要，以及纳米颗粒用于治疗各种病症的可能性，本综述的目的是介绍研究母胎相互作用及纳米颗粒在胎盘环境中作用时所使用的主要实验模型。
