Costa Idessania Nazareth, Ribeiro Mayara, Silva Franco Priscila, da Silva Rafaela José, de Araújo Thádia Evelyn, Milián Iliana Claudia Balga, Luz Luana Carvalho, Guirelli Pâmela Mendonça, Nakazato Gerson, Mineo José Roberto, Mineo Tiago W P, Barbosa Bellisa Freitas, Ferro Eloisa Amália Vieira
Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Jan 21;11:623947. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.623947. eCollection 2020.
The combination of sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine plus folinic acid is the conventional treatment for congenital toxoplasmosis. However, this classical treatment presents teratogenic effects and bone marrow suppression. In this sense, new therapeutic strategies are necessary to reduce these effects and improve the control of infection. In this context, biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNp-Bio) appear as a promising alternative since they have antimicrobial, antiviral, and antiparasitic activity. The purpose of this study to investigate the action of AgNp-Bio in BeWo cells, HTR-8/SVneo cells and villous explants and its effects against infection. Both cells and villous explants were treated with different concentrations of AgNp-Bio or combination of sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine (SDZ + PYZ) in order to verify the viability. After, cells and villi were infected and treated with AgNp-Bio or SDZ + PYZ in different concentrations to ascertain the parasite proliferation and cytokine production profile. AgNp-Bio treatment did not reduce the cell viability and villous explants. Significant reduction was observed in parasite replication in both cells and villous explants treated with silver nanoparticles and classical treatment. The AgNp-Bio treatment increased of IL-4 and IL-10 by BeWo cells, while HTR8/SVneo cells produced macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and IL-4. In the presence of , the treatment induced high levels of MIF production by BeWo cells and IL-6 by HTR8SV/neo. In villous explants, the AgNp-Bio treatment downregulated production of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-8 after infection. In conclusion, AgNp-Bio can decrease infection in trophoblast cells and villous explants. Therefore, this treatment demonstrated the ability to reduce the proliferation with induction of inflammatory mediators in the cells and independent of mediators in chorionic villus which we consider the use of AgNp-Bio promising in the treatment of toxoplasmosis in BeWo and HTR8/SVneo cell models and in chorionic villi.
磺胺嘧啶、乙胺嘧啶加亚叶酸的联合用药是先天性弓形虫病的传统治疗方法。然而，这种经典治疗方法存在致畸作用和骨髓抑制。从这个意义上说，需要新的治疗策略来减少这些影响并改善感染的控制。在这种背景下，生物源银纳米颗粒（AgNp-Bio）似乎是一种有前景的替代方法，因为它们具有抗菌、抗病毒和抗寄生虫活性。本研究的目的是研究AgNp-Bio在BeWo细胞、HTR-8/SVneo细胞和绒毛外植体中的作用及其对感染的影响。用不同浓度的AgNp-Bio或磺胺嘧啶+乙胺嘧啶（SDZ+PYZ）组合处理细胞和绒毛外植体，以验证其活力。之后，对细胞和绒毛进行感染，并分别用不同浓度的AgNp-Bio或SDZ+PYZ处理，以确定寄生虫增殖和细胞因子产生情况。AgNp-Bio处理并未降低细胞活力和绒毛外植体活力。在用银纳米颗粒和经典治疗方法处理的细胞和绒毛外植体中，均观察到寄生虫复制显著减少。AgNp-Bio处理使BeWo细胞产生的IL-4和IL-10增加，而HTR8/SVneo细胞产生巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子（MIF）和IL-4。在存在（此处原文缺失相关内容）的情况下，该处理使BeWo细胞产生高水平的MIF，使HTR8SV/neo细胞产生IL-6。在绒毛外植体中，AgNp-Bio处理在感染后下调了IL-4、IL-6和IL-8的产生。总之，AgNp-Bio可减少滋养层细胞和绒毛外植体中的弓形虫感染。因此，这种治疗方法显示出能够减少弓形虫增殖，并在细胞中诱导炎症介质产生，且在绒毛膜绒毛中与介质无关，我们认为在BeWo和HTR8/SVneo细胞模型以及绒毛膜绒毛中使用AgNp-Bio治疗弓形虫病具有前景。
