Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
Molecules. 2019 Aug 29;24(17):3153. doi: 10.3390/molecules24173153.
Metastatic melanoma (MM) has a poor prognosis and is attributed to late diagnoses only when metastases has already occurred. Thus, early diagnosis is crucial to improve its overall treatment efficacy. The standard diagnostic tools for MM are incisional biopsies and/or fine needle aspiration biopsies, while standard treatments involve surgery, chemotherapy, or irradiation therapy. The combination of photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and therapy (PDT) utilizes a photosensitizer (PS) that, when excited by light of a low wavelength, can be used for fluorescent non-destructive diagnosis. However, when the same PS is activated at a higher wavelength of light, it can be cytotoxic and induce tumor destruction. This paper focuses on PS drugs that have been used for PDD as well as PDT treatment of MM. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for continued investigation into enhanced PS delivery via active biomarkers and passive nanoparticle systems. This should improve PS drug absorption in MM cells and increase effectiveness of combinative photodynamic methods for the enhanced diagnosis and treatment of MM can become a reality.
转移性黑色素瘤（MM）预后不良，只有在转移已经发生时才能通过晚期诊断发现。因此，早期诊断对于提高其整体治疗效果至关重要。MM 的标准诊断工具是切开活检和/或细针抽吸活检，而标准治疗方法包括手术、化疗或放疗。光动力诊断（PDD）和治疗（PDT）的结合利用了一种光敏剂（PS），当它被低波长的光激发时，可以用于荧光无损诊断。然而，当相同的 PS 被更高波长的光激活时，它可以具有细胞毒性并诱导肿瘤破坏。本文重点介绍了用于 PDD 以及 MM 的 PDT 治疗的 PS 药物。此外，它强调了需要通过主动生物标志物和被动纳米颗粒系统来进一步研究增强 PS 传递。这将提高 MM 细胞中 PS 药物的吸收，并提高联合光动力方法的有效性，从而使增强的 MM 诊断和治疗成为可能。
