Devaprakash Daniel, Lloyd David G, Barrett Rod S, Obst Steven J, Kennedy Ben, Adams Kahlee L, Hunter Adam, Vlahovich Nicole, Pease David L, Pizzolato Claudio
School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; Gold Coast Orthopaedic Research Engineering and Education Alliance (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.
School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; Gold Coast Orthopaedic Research Engineering and Education Alliance (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.
Ultrasound Med Biol. 2019 Nov;45(11):2898-2905. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.07.679. Epub 2019 Aug 27.
The purpose of this study was to assess the similarity of free Achilles tendon shape and 3-D geometry between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and freehand 3-D ultrasound (3-DUS) imaging methods. Fourteen elite/sub-elite middle-distance runners participated in the study. MRI and 3-DUS scans of the Achilles tendon were acquired on two separate imaging sessions, and all 3-D reconstructions were performed using identical methods. Shape similarity of free Achilles tendon reconstructed from MRI and 3-DUS data was assessed using Jaccard index, Hausdorff distance and root mean square error (RMSE). The Jaccard index, Hausdorff distance and RMSE values were 0.76 ± 0.05, 2.70 ± 0.70 and 0.61 ± 0.10 mm, respectively. The level of agreement between MRI and 3-DUS for free Achilles tendon volume, length and average cross-sectional area (CSA) was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis. Compared to MRI, freehand 3-DUS overestimated volume, length and average CSA by 30.6 ± 15.8 mm (1.1% ± 0.6%), 0.3 ± 0.7 mm (0.6% ± 1.9%) and 0.3 ± 1.42 mm (0.4% ± 2.0%), respectively. The upper and lower limits of agreement between MRI and 3-DUS for volume, length and average CSA were -0.4 to 61.7 mm (-0.2% to 2.3%), -1.0 to 1.5 mm (-3.2% to 4.5%) and -2.5 to 3.1 mm (-3.5% to 4.3%), respectively. There were no significant differences between imaging methods in CSA along the length of the tendon. In conclusion, MRI and freehand 3-DUS may be considered equivalent methods for estimating shape and 3-D geometry of the free Achilles tendon. These findings, together with the practical benefits of being able to assess 3-D Achilles tendon shape and geometry in a laboratory environment and under isometric loading, make 3-DUS an attractive alternative to MRI for assessing 3-D free Achilles tendon macro-structure in future studies.
本研究的目的是评估磁共振成像（MRI）与徒手三维超声（3-DUS）成像方法之间游离跟腱形状和三维几何结构的相似性。14名精英/准精英中长跑运动员参与了本研究。在两个不同的成像时段采集跟腱的MRI和3-DUS扫描图像，并使用相同的方法进行所有三维重建。使用杰卡德指数、豪斯多夫距离和均方根误差（RMSE）评估从MRI和3-DUS数据重建的游离跟腱的形状相似性。杰卡德指数、豪斯多夫距离和RMSE值分别为0.76±0.05、2.70±0.70和0.61±0.10毫米。使用布兰德-奥特曼分析评估MRI和3-DUS在游离跟腱体积、长度和平均横截面积（CSA）方面的一致性水平。与MRI相比，徒手三维超声分别高估了体积、长度和平均CSA 30.6±15.8毫米（1.1%±0.6%）、0.3±0.7毫米（0.6%±1.9%）和0.3±1.42毫米（0.4%±2.0%）。MRI和3-DUS在体积、长度和平均CSA方面的一致性上限和下限分别为-0.4至61.7毫米（-0.2%至2.3%）、-1.0至1.5毫米（-3.2%至4.5%）和-2.5至3.1毫米（-3.5%至4.3%）。在沿肌腱长度的CSA方面，成像方法之间没有显著差异。总之，MRI和徒手三维超声可被视为估计游离跟腱形状和三维几何结构的等效方法。这些发现，连同能够在实验室环境和等长负荷下评估三维跟腱形状和几何结构的实际益处，使得三维超声在未来研究中成为评估三维游离跟腱宏观结构的一种有吸引力的替代MRI的方法。
