School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Research Center of Biostatistics, School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
J Pediatr Nurs. 2020 Mar-Apr;51:e50-e56. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.08.008. Epub 2019 Aug 27.
The primary purpose of this study was to investigate changes in exercise intentions and behaviors among children across time. Then, we investigated how determinants in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) predicted exercise intentions and behaviors, and explored if demographic predictors contributed to predicting behaviors.
A three-wave, 12-month longitudinal study was conducted. A proportional stratified random sampling method was adopted, and 1997 children from 11 elementary schools in Taipei City were recruited. Numbers of participants were 1074, 1064, and 995 at times 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
Children's exercise intentions and behaviors significantly changed (both p < .05) during a 6-month interval. Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) at time 1 could respectively explain 51.0% and 17.1% of the variance in time 1 and 2 intentions (F = 372.20, F = 73.92, both p < .001). PBC was the strongest predictor of the intention to exercise. Intentions were the immediate determinant of exercise behaviors. PBC not only indirectly affected exercise behaviors through intentions but also directly affected exercise behaviors. Gender and sports club participation directly affected children's exercise behaviors.
The findings support the TPB model being suitable for use in longitudinal studies; its core constructs significantly predicted children's exercise intentions and behaviors.
This study highlights that clinical practitioners and school nurses working with children can help youth engage in regular exercise by enhancing their intentions and perceived behavioral control, and cultivating positive attitudes and subjective norms when planning exercise intervention programs.
本研究的主要目的是调查儿童随时间推移的锻炼意图和行为的变化。然后，我们调查了计划行为理论（TPB）中的决定因素如何预测锻炼意图和行为，并探讨了人口统计学预测因素是否有助于预测行为。
进行了一项三波、12 个月的纵向研究。采用比例分层随机抽样方法，从台北市 11 所小学招募了 1997 名儿童。第 1、2 和 3 次的参与者人数分别为 1074、1064 和 995。
儿童的锻炼意图和行为在 6 个月的间隔内发生了显著变化（均 p<0.05）。第 1 次时的态度、主观规范和感知行为控制（PBC）分别可以解释第 1 次和第 2 次意图的 51.0%和 17.1%的方差（F=372.20，F=73.92，均 p<0.001）。PBC 是锻炼意图的最强预测因素。意图是锻炼行为的直接决定因素。PBC 通过意图不仅间接地影响锻炼行为，而且直接影响锻炼行为。性别和体育俱乐部参与直接影响儿童的锻炼行为。
研究结果支持 TPB 模型适用于纵向研究；其核心构念显著预测了儿童的锻炼意图和行为。
本研究强调，临床医生和学校护士在为儿童提供服务时，可以通过增强他们的意图和感知行为控制，以及培养积极的态度和主观规范，来帮助青少年定期进行锻炼，从而制定锻炼干预计划。
