Frase Lukas, Duss Simone B, Gieselmann Annika, Penzel Thomas, Wetter Thomas C, Pollmächer Thomas
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hauptstraße 5, 79104, Freiburg, Deutschland.
Universitäres Schlaf-Wach-Epilepsie-Zentrum, Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsspital (Inselspital) Bern, Bern, Schweiz.
Nervenarzt. 2020 Jul;91(7):617-623. doi: 10.1007/s00115-019-00803-0.
Cognitive behavioral therapeutic interventions are considered to be one of the most effective forms of treatment of various mental disorders. Besides being very frequent, sleep disorders, such as insomnia and nightmare disorder are often not treated effectively and guideline-conform, mainly due to the lack of qualified psychotherapists. Implementation of modern technical options, such as web-based psychotherapy can help to overcome this problem. This article presents the current situation in the treatment of insomnia and nightmare disorders as particularly well-suited fields of application. For insomnia there are several English language and also recently German language options, which for example were also evaluated for the application to work-related stress and sleep disorders. In this respect, procedures with and without contact to a therapist or multicomponent procedures and single interventions can be differentiated. For nightmare disorders imagery rehearsal therapy provides a structure, which can also easily be transferred to an internet-based therapy program. The currently beginning use of internet-based treatment of sleep disorders does not yet utilize all theoretically available technical possibilities. The potential of internet-based therapy is extremely versatile and it remains for medical sleep experts to consider which method can be used for which indications.
认知行为治疗干预被认为是治疗各种精神障碍最有效的方法之一。睡眠障碍，如失眠和梦魇障碍不仅非常常见，而且往往没有得到有效且符合指南的治疗，主要原因是缺乏合格的心理治疗师。实施现代技术手段，如基于网络的心理治疗，有助于克服这一问题。本文介绍了失眠和梦魇障碍治疗的现状，认为这是特别合适的应用领域。对于失眠，有几种英文的，最近也有德语的治疗方案，例如这些方案也被评估用于与工作相关的压力和睡眠障碍。在这方面，可以区分有或没有与治疗师接触的程序、多成分程序和单一干预措施。对于梦魇障碍，意象演练疗法提供了一种架构，这种架构也可以很容易地转化为基于互联网的治疗方案。目前刚开始的基于网络的睡眠障碍治疗尚未利用所有理论上可行的技术可能性。基于网络的治疗潜力极为多样，医学睡眠专家仍需考虑哪种方法适用于哪些适应症。
