National Institute of Public Policies on Alcohol and Drugs (INPAD), National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil.
Addictions and Other Impulse Control Disorders Unit, Santa Casa da Misericórdia, Rua Santa Luzia 206, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
J Gambl Stud. 2020 Jun;36(2):445-457. doi: 10.1007/s10899-019-09884-7.
This study aimed to evaluate the differences in gambling exposure and onset of gambling problems among male and female gamblers by comparing their demographic and behavioral profiles. This study utilized data from the gambling section of the First Brazilian National Alcohol Survey and Related Behaviors. Interviews were conducted with 3007 participants who were recruited after screening for at-risk gambling behaviors. Individuals who tested positive for at-risk gambling behaviors completed the Gambling Progression Questionnaire comprising items on games of chance, and were evaluated using the DSM-IV pathological gambling criteria. The participants' "lifetime gambling exposure" was 12.5%, with 4% having experienced gambling problems during their lifetime. Majority of the male at-risk gamblers (78%) reported that they began gambling in their 20 s and took approximately 3 years to start experiencing gambling-related problems. Contrastingly, female at-risk gamblers started gambling in their 30 s and they took about 12 years to start experiencing gambling-related problems. The present results show that men were 2.3 times more at risk of gambling exposure and 3.6 times more likely to experience gambling-related problems. Male at-risk male gamblers seemed to be lonelier and to have a low socioeconomic status, while women seemed to have lower income and social insertion. Considering these significant differences, more studies evaluating gender differences in gambling behavior are necessary.
本研究旨在通过比较男性和女性赌徒的人口统计学和行为特征，评估他们在赌博暴露和赌博问题出现方面的差异。本研究利用了首次巴西全国酒精调查及相关行为中的赌博部分的数据。对 3007 名参与者进行了访谈，这些参与者是在筛查出有风险的赌博行为后招募的。对有风险的赌博行为呈阳性反应的个体完成了包含机会游戏项目的赌博进展问卷，并使用 DSM-IV 病理性赌博标准进行了评估。参与者的“终生赌博暴露”为 12.5%，其中 4%在其一生中经历过赌博问题。大多数有风险的男性赌徒（78%）报告说他们在 20 多岁开始赌博，大约 3 年后开始出现与赌博相关的问题。相比之下，有风险的女性赌徒在 30 多岁开始赌博，大约 12 年后才开始出现与赌博相关的问题。目前的结果表明，男性赌博暴露的风险是女性的 2.3 倍，出现与赌博相关的问题的可能性是女性的 3.6 倍。有风险的男性赌徒似乎更孤独，社会经济地位较低，而女性的收入和社会融入度较低。考虑到这些显著差异，有必要进行更多研究评估赌博行为中的性别差异。
