Lussier Kira
Institute for Management and Innovation, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada.
J Hist Behav Sci. 2019 Oct;55(4):319-341. doi: 10.1002/jhbs.21992. Epub 2019 Aug 30.
This paper examines the impact of psychologist Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs in American management. I trace how a roster of management experts translated the hierarchy of needs into management through case studies of job redesign programs at Texas Instruments and marketing firm Young & Rubicam's management training. The hierarchy of needs resonated with management, I argue, because it seemed to offer both a concrete guide for management, with practical implications for designing management training and work structures, alongside a broader social theory that purported to explain changing social values and economic circumstances in America. For the management theorists who invoked the hierarchy of needs, the corporation served as both the prime site for people to fulfill their higher psychological needs and the ideal site to study and cultivate motivation. This article contributes to histories of psychology that show how psychology became a prominent resource in American public life.
本文探讨了心理学家亚伯拉罕·马斯洛的需求层次理论在美国管理领域的影响。通过德州仪器公司的工作重新设计项目以及营销公司扬罗必凯的管理培训案例研究，我追溯了一系列管理专家如何将需求层次理论转化为管理实践。我认为，需求层次理论之所以能引起管理层的共鸣，是因为它似乎既为管理提供了具体指导，对设计管理培训和工作结构具有实际意义，又提供了一种更广泛的社会理论，旨在解释美国不断变化的社会价值观和经济状况。对于援引需求层次理论的管理理论家来说，公司既是人们满足其更高心理需求的主要场所，也是研究和培养动机的理想场所。本文为心理学史做出了贡献，展示了心理学如何成为美国公共生活中的重要资源。
