Gardner Brett O, Kelley Sharon, Murrie Daniel C, Dror Itiel E
Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy, University of Virginia, United States.
Institute of Law, Psychiatry and Public Policy, University of Virginia, United States.
Sci Justice. 2019 Sep;59(5):516-523. doi: 10.1016/j.scijus.2019.04.005. Epub 2019 Apr 30.
In response to research demonstrating that irrelevant contextual information can bias forensic science analyses, authorities have increasingly urged laboratories to limit analysts' access to irrelevant and potentially biasing information (Dror and Cole (2010) [3]; National Academy of Sciences (2009) [18]; President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (2016) [22]; UK Forensic Science Regulator (2015) [26]). However, a great challenge in implementing this reform is determining which information is task-relevant and which is task-irrelevant. In the current study, we surveyed 183 forensic analysts to examine what they consider relevant versus irrelevant in their forensic analyses. Results revealed that analysts generally do not regard information regarding the suspect or victim as essential to their analytic tasks. However, there was significant variability among analysts within and between disciplines. Findings suggest that forensic science disciplines need to agree on what they regard as task-relevant before context management procedures can be properly implemented. The lack of consensus about what is relevant information not only leaves room for biasing information, but also reveals foundational gaps in what analysts consider crucial in forensic decision making.
针对研究表明无关的背景信息会影响法医学分析这一情况,有关部门越来越多地敦促实验室限制分析人员获取无关且可能产生偏差的信息(德罗尔和科尔(2010年)[3];美国国家科学院(2009年)[18];总统科学技术顾问委员会(2016年)[22];英国法医学监管机构(2015年)[26])。然而,实施这项改革面临的一个巨大挑战是确定哪些信息与任务相关,哪些与任务无关。在当前的研究中,我们对183名法医分析人员进行了调查,以了解他们在法医分析中认为哪些是相关的,哪些是无关的。结果显示,分析人员通常不认为有关嫌疑人或受害者的信息对他们的分析任务至关重要。然而,不同学科内部和不同学科之间的分析人员存在很大差异。研究结果表明,在能够正确实施背景管理程序之前,法医学各学科需要就他们认为与任务相关的内容达成一致。对于什么是相关信息缺乏共识,不仅为有偏差的信息留下了空间,还揭示了分析人员在法医决策中认为关键的内容存在根本性差距。