Psychology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Trends Neurosci. 2019 Oct;42(10):680-692. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.07.009. Epub 2019 Aug 28.
Emerging research demonstrates that a pattern of overlapping but distinct molecular and circuit mechanisms are engaged by males and females during memory tasks. Importantly, sex differences in neural mechanisms and behavioral strategies are evident even when performance on a memory task is similar between females and males. We propose that sex differences in memory may be best understood within a dynamic memory systems framework. Specifically, sex differences in hormonal influences and neural circuit development result in biases in the circuits engaged and the information preferentially stored or retrieved in males and females. By using animal models to understand the neural networks and molecular mechanisms required for memory in both sexes, we can gain crucial insights into sex and gender biases in disorders including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in humans.
新兴研究表明，在记忆任务中，男性和女性都涉及到重叠但不同的分子和回路机制。重要的是，即使女性和男性在记忆任务上的表现相似，神经机制和行为策略上的性别差异也很明显。我们提出，在动态记忆系统框架内，最好理解记忆中的性别差异。具体而言，激素影响和神经回路发育方面的性别差异导致男性和女性在参与的回路以及优先存储或检索的信息方面存在偏见。通过使用动物模型来了解两性记忆所需的神经网络和分子机制，我们可以深入了解包括创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）在内的人类疾病中的性别和性别偏见。
