Hakim Mohamed A, McCain Joseph P, Ahn David Y, Troulis Maria J
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Warren 1201, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
3287 Congressional CT, Fairfield, CA 94534, USA.
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2019 Nov;31(4):561-567. doi: 10.1016/j.coms.2019.07.001. Epub 2019 Aug 28.
Advances in technology and specialized instrumentation allow surgeons to study, refine, and modify minimally invasive surgery (MIS) to replace standard operations. This has occurred across many surgical specialties. The benefits of MIS include less swelling, less pain, shorter hospital stay, and faster return to daily activities. Oral and maxillofacial endoscopic techniques are used for access to the ramus condyle unit, maxillary sinus, zygoma, orbit, temporomandibular joint, and salivary ductal system. Although endoscopic techniques are also used in facial cosmetic surgery, this discussion focuses on noncosmetic procedures.
技术和专业仪器的进步使外科医生能够研究、完善和改进微创手术（MIS）以取代标准手术。这已在许多外科专科中出现。微创手术的益处包括肿胀减轻、疼痛减轻、住院时间缩短以及更快恢复日常活动。口腔颌面内镜技术用于进入下颌骨髁突单元、上颌窦、颧骨、眼眶、颞下颌关节和涎腺导管系统。尽管内镜技术也用于面部整形手术，但本讨论聚焦于非整形手术。
