Jain Abhishek Kumar, Pandey Alok Kumar
Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Methods Mol Biol. 2019;2031:135-146. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9646-9_7.
The presence of genotoxic agents in the environment may cause chromosomal mutations through different mechanisms, which are associated with serious health effects. Genotoxicity is commonly evaluated for the chemical safety assessment, in which the in vivo micronucleus test is paid more attention in the field of genotoxicity as compared to other toxicological endpoints. This assay is an in vivo cytogenetic test which uses erythrocytes in the bone marrow of rodents to detect chemical damage to the chromosomes or mitotic apparatus of mammalian cells. At the time of erythroblast development into a polychromatic erythrocyte (PCEs) in bone marrow, the main nucleus is extruded, so any micronucleus (MN) that has been formed may remain behind in the otherwise anucleated cytoplasm. The damage in the chromosome appears as a small additional nucleus and is readily identifiable by light microscope. An increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN PCEs) in treated animals is an indication of genotoxicity.
环境中遗传毒性物质的存在可能通过不同机制导致染色体突变，这与严重的健康影响相关。遗传毒性通常用于化学安全性评估，在该评估中，与其他毒理学终点相比，体内微核试验在遗传毒性领域更受关注。该试验是一种体内细胞遗传学试验，利用啮齿动物骨髓中的红细胞来检测对哺乳动物细胞染色体或有丝分裂装置的化学损伤。在骨髓中早幼红细胞发育为多染性红细胞（PCEs）时，主核被挤出，因此任何已形成的微核（MN）可能会留在无核的细胞质中。染色体损伤表现为一个小的附加核，可通过光学显微镜轻松识别。处理动物中微核多染性红细胞（MN PCEs）频率的增加表明存在遗传毒性。
